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EBP 1 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

helps us know if true change has occurred between measurements

A

reliability

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2
Q

measure is consistent when performed multiple times on same patient/participant and construct has not changed

A

test-retest reliability

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3
Q

measurements obtained by same assessor are consistent

A

intra rater reliability

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4
Q

measurements obtained by 2 or more assessors are consistent

A

inter rater reliability

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5
Q

does the instrument or test seem to be a good choice to measure something

A

face validity

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6
Q

making clinical subjective judgement if something measures what it should measure

A

face validity

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7
Q

instrument covers all elements of construct being measured and does not include irrelevant elements

A

content validity

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8
Q

what are the two types of criterion validity

A

concurrent

predictive

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9
Q

measure of interest and measure with already established validity administered at the same time point produce consistent results

A

concurrent validity

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10
Q

measure predicts an outcome of interest well

A

predictive validity

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11
Q

instrument measures what it claims to measure (stats involved)

A

construct validity

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12
Q

doing stats to establish a relationship between things

A

construct validity

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13
Q

degree to which results of the study can be attributed to the study intervention and not extraneous factors

A

internal validity

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14
Q

a __________study is well controlled

A

internally valid

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15
Q

what does rigor in a study mean

A

that things are well controlled

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16
Q

dependent on the rigor with which the study was conducted

A

internal validity

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17
Q

process of selecting subjects leads to sample that is not representative of the target population

A

selection bias

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18
Q

when participants drop out or do not complete the study

A

participant attrition

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19
Q

solutions for participant attrition

A
  1. ) enroll more subjects
  2. ) account for in statistical analysis
  3. ) document drop-outs and reasons
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20
Q

seeing how many people you need in the study to see if an intervention worked

A

statistical power

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21
Q

events that happen outside the study but influence the results (out of control of investigator)

A

history

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22
Q

changes over time that are internal to participants that are not related to the study but may affect results

A

maturation

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23
Q

this would be an example of what: people with Parkinson’s condition fluctuating at different times during the day

A

maturation

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24
Q

multiple baseline testing can help with what

A

maturation

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25
Q

used to gather information to better understand a condition, test or t/x

A

background question

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26
Q

information to guide decision-making when managing a specific patient’s condition

A

foreground question

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27
Q

what does PICO stand for

A

P–> patient or problem
I–> intervention
C–> comparison
O–> outcomes

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28
Q

gives a numerical conclusion

A

meta analysis

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29
Q

synthesize findings from multiple studies to generate summary statistics

A

meta analysis

30
Q

gives general statement as a conclusion

A

systematic review

31
Q

answers questions by systematically reviewing and describing all relevant available evidence; similar to meta-analysis

A

systematic review

32
Q

subjects randomly assigned to groups to compare interventions; gives you cause-and-effect

A

RCT

33
Q

not cause and effect; observe b/c it’s unethical to randomize pts to have an injury or illness/disability. Collect data on those who have already experiences that injury or who already have that illness/disability

A

observation studies

34
Q

two types of observational studies

A
  1. ) cohort

2. ) case control

35
Q

study of exposure leading to outcome

A

cohort study

36
Q

observational study design where ‘cases’ have condition of interest

A

case control study

37
Q

include one or just a few patients. Used when intervention is new or novel, or when pt’s condition is superrr rare

A

case study or case series

38
Q

best type of study when answering question about a diagnosis

A

prospective, blind comparison to a gold standard

39
Q

best type of studies (in order) when answering a question about therapy or t/x options

A

RCT–>Cohort–> case control–> case series

40
Q

best type of studies (in order) when answering a question about prognosis

A

cohort study–> case control–> case series

41
Q

no mathematical properties, can’t add a value or rank to these, just categories.

A

nominal data

42
Q

what stats can we use for nominal data

A

frequencies and mode

43
Q

categorical but can rank order to categories. There’s no set distance between categories

A

ordinal data

44
Q

stats that can be used for ordinal data

A

frequencies and modes

45
Q

pain scale would be example of what type of data

A

ordinal

46
Q

stats, eye color, marital status would be an example of what type of data

A

nominal data

47
Q

numeric values along a scale with equal set distance between them, but there is no true zero point, can have negative values.

A

interval data

48
Q

temperature is an example of what type of data

A

interval

49
Q

stats that can be used for interval data

A

mean, median, mode

50
Q

numeric values along a scale with equal distances between them and a known zero point. Can’t have negative values.

A

ratio data

51
Q

level of assistance is an example of what type of data

A

ordinal

52
Q

height, weight, walking speed is an example of what type of data

A

ratio

53
Q

show proportionally the number or percent by category

A

pie charts or bar charts

54
Q

show distribution of a variable; x axis is your scale and y axis is your frequency

A

histograms

55
Q

plot a dependent variable on vertical axis and independent variable on horizontal axis. Each subject is a point on the chart

A

scatterplots

56
Q

only appropriate for interval and ratio data

A

mean

57
Q

graph’s vertex is to the right, mean shifts to the left

A

left skewed (neg skewed)

58
Q

graph’s vertex is to the left, mean shifts to the right

A

right skewed (pos skewed)

59
Q

mean shifts to the right when

A

right skewed

60
Q

means shifts to the left when

A

left skewed

61
Q

measure of how well the mean represents the data

A

standard deviation

62
Q

amount of variability expressed as a percentage of the mean

A

coefficient of variation

63
Q

are there units associated with coefficient of variation

A

no

64
Q

o Compare variability btwn different measures of the same thing; Ex-different devices that measure same strength

A

coefficient of variation

65
Q

number of SDs a data pt is from the mean of the sample or population

A

z score

66
Q

Compare variability btwn 2 different samples on the same measure; Ex- same measure but looking at younger vs older pts

A

coefficient of variation

67
Q

is a measure of ‘precision’ of the sample mean; how well your sample represents your population

A

standard error of the mean

68
Q

range of values that contains the ‘true’ value with a given probability

A

confidence intervals

69
Q

Can compare data points across data sets

A

z score

70
Q

how well the sample represents the population

A

standard error of the mean

71
Q

repeated measurements are consistent (synonymous with reproducibility, repeatability, consistency, dependability)

A

reliablity

EBP 1 (1 decks)

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