Midterm

Question 1

What are the 3 ways to diagnose T2DM?

Answer 1

1. if A1C > 6.5% on 2 tests
2. if fasting glucose > 7 on 2 tests
3. one of each

Question 2

What is A1C and what is considered a normal level?

Answer 2

shows the average plasma glucose levels over the last 3 months
- glycated hemoglobin
anything below 5.7% is considered normal.

Question 3

Risk factors of T2DM? what increases your risk…

Answer 3

• HTN
• Obesity
• hyperlipidemia
• older age
• smoking
• family history
• high risk population, black, ,hispanic, indigenous, arab, low SES

Question 4

What is the prime physical activity regimen for preventing diabetes?

Answer 4

• aerobic exercise 150 minutes/week

- 2 strength-training sessions

Question 5

What is the initial antidiabetic agent of choice?

Answer 5

metformin

Question 6

What pharmacological agents are best for glycemic control and reduce risk of weight gain?

Answer 6

• incretin (DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist)

- SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 7

We know that lifestyle changes should be the first interventions for T2DM mgmt. At what point would you initiate pharmacological therapy?

Answer 7

after 3 months of trying lifestyle changes without effectiveness, if their A1C is >1.5% above their individual target, initiate pharm treatment.

Question 8

What is the purpose of a mental state exam?

Answer 8

To give a “snapshot” of the patient as they are presented during the interview

Question 9

During a mental state exam, you assess “insight”. What is it?

Answer 9

the capacity of the patient to be aware and understand that they have a problem/illness

• good insight = they are able to arrive to reasonable solutions on how to manage their problem

Question 10

During a mental state exam, you assess “judgment”. What is it?

Answer 10

ability to make appropriate decisions, know right from wrong

Question 11

What are mental illnesses that are common in childhood and adolescence?

Answer 11

• oppositional defiant disorder
• separation anxiety
• PTSD
• OCD
• depression
• schizophrenia

Question 12

What are teens more prone to exhibiting risky behaviour?

Answer 12

their LIMBIC SYSTEM (pain and pleasure) develops faster than the frontal cortex (cognitive skills)

Question 13

Average age of onset of depression in youth?

Answer 13

14.9 yrs

Question 14

To diagnose depression, how many symptoms must be present for 2 weeks?

Answer 14

5 symptoms

Question 15

What is the most common symptom of depression?

Answer 15

irritability

Question 16

What are the 3 stages of Egan’s helper model?

Answer 16

stage 1: current picture
- what is going on?

stage 2: preferred picture
- what do we need/want?

stage 3: getting there
- how do we get there?

Question 17

You are communicating with a woman who is withdrawn and is very quiet. What is the best technique that would be helpful in encouraging her to engage in conversation?

Answer 17

• make observations (“you are wearing new shoes today”)

Question 18

What is neologism?

Answer 18

Making up words, fake words