Midterm Flashcards
Types of Estimates
Conceptual, Schematic, Design Development, GMP or Construction Documents (CD)
Four steps to an estimate
- Break the project into WBS tasks
- Assign a cost to each WBS task
- Summarize the “Direct Construction Costs”
- Add all “Indirect Construction Costs”
Four principals to develop the WBS
- No overlap of scope between work packages
- Each work package should have a definitive start and end date
- No overlap of cost between work packages
- Final breakdown work package should be at level where progress can be measured precisely
CORE Construction Presentation - Living Estimate
L S I G E Q G F
- Listen
- Study Cost History
- Investigate
- Gather Subcontractors Feedback
- Explore Options
- Quantity Scope
- Generate Detailed Estimate
- Forecast Future Market Conditions
Documents needed to estimate costs
C G D S S S C I I B
- Contract Agreement
- General Conditions
- Drawings
- Specifications
- Soil Report
- Schedule
- Clarifications
- Inclusions
- Insurance requirements
- Bonds requirements
CSI MasterFormat Groups (2)
- Procurement/Contracting Requirements Group
- Specifications Group
Divison 01
General Requirements
Division 02-19
Facility Construction
Divison 20-29
Facility Services
Division 30-39
Site and Infrastructure
Division 40-49
Process Equipment
3 Parts of SectionFormat
General, Products, Execution
Earthwork Units
BCY/LCY and CCY and Acres
Concrete Units
CY
Concrete Formwork Units
SFCA (SF of Contact Area)
Masonry Units
SF to #of blocks
Rebar Units
lbs. or tons
Roofing Units
Square
Carpet
Square Yard
Structural Steel
tons
Direct Construction Costs =
Materials + Labor + Equipment
Indirect Construction Costs=
Fees + Insurances + Bonds + Taxes
Sources of Cost Information
- Historical costs database
- Subcontractor/Vendor Quotations
- Published Cost Data (RS Means)
- Experience
Unit Cost Pricing =
Material + Labor + Equipment
Labor Hours per Unit=
total crew labor hours/daily output
Labor Dollars per Unit=
Daily Crew Labor Cost/Daily output
Work hours per unit=
crew work hours expended/daily output
units per work hour=
daily output/crew work hours expended
total work hours=
work hours per unit x planned quantity
total number of crew days=
planned quantities/daily output
Loose Volume=
bank volume x (1 + swell)
Bank Volume (imported soil)=
compacted volume/shrinkage factor
Imported soil (lcy)=
Compacted volume/shrinkage factor
Which document describes quality of work and the quality of the material and the construction execution procedures?
Technical Specifications
Which document issued by the architect illustrates what is to be built at the time of bid?
Plans
Which type of estimate is most appropriate when the contract documents are 30% to 90% complete?
Semi-Detailed estimate
Which estimate will give you the most level of details and be the most accurate?
Detailed estimate
During the design process, in which order are the different drawing sets completed?
Conceptual - Schematic Design - Design Development - Construction Drawings
T or F: In a CM@R delivery method, it is highly recommended to wait until the Design Professional has completed the 100% construction documents to hire the contractor and get pricing from its estimating department. This will prevent any change orders in the future.
False
List at least 3 factors that could affect the productivity rate of a crew on a jobsite
- Number of men in crew
- Other subs being behind
- Materials are not coming on time
Which type of insurance covers injuries to construction site workers employed at the job site?
Workers compensation
How does a construction company typically structure its accounting cost codes?
Typically organized following the CSI Materformat divisions, with some adaptions by companies
Accuracy of a detailed estimate is
2% to 4%
Accuracy of a conceptual estimate is
+/- 20%
Accuracy of a semi-detailed estimate is
+/- 5% to 10%
Division 01
General Requirements
Division 02
Existing Conditions
Division 03
Concrete
Division 04
Masonry
Divison 05
Metals
Division 06
Wood, Plastics and Composites
Division 07
Thermal and Moisture Protection
Divison 08
Openings
Division 09
Finishes
Divison 10
Specialties
You can find Electrical specifications under which division in the CSI MasterFormat?
Division 26
Which of the following items would not be included in a division 7 scope of work?
Architectural louvers/screens
Which type of insurance covers workers being laid off from their job?
Unemployment
What is a Work Breakdown Structure?
A list of tasks braking down the project into manageable work packages
T or F: Contingency is typically used to cover the risks that occur during a CM at risk project
True
A WBS typically includes which of the following for each work package?
The budgeted cost of the work scheduled
T or F: The “art” of estimating is being able to account for the unknown, the unseen and the unexpected
True
T or F: It is not important to verify that the General Project Description provided in a Geotechnical Report is accurate
False
What is the soil state called after the soil is put in place at its final location and final compaction ratio?
compacted
What is the earth material drawn from an excavation called?
Spoil
When excavating for utility trenches, it is important to note the soil characteristics/classification to:
Know if we will need to dig through hard rock that will require special equipment, and if we will need to use shoring
Trying to save cost on the geotechnical investigation scope by not doing as many soil borings as needed may result in:
All of the proposed answers and potential litigations on the project
T or F: The swell/shrink factor of a soil indicated in a soil geotechnical investigation report is the same thing as the swell factor used by earthwork contractors to estimate LCY of soils to be exported
False
The soil conditions indicated in the geotechnical report will help us price the following potential added cost to earthwork scope:
Hard rock digging, dewatering and over excavation
What is the soil state called if it is in its natural, or in place, or in situ, or undisturbed state?
Bank
Under which conditions would you want to epoxy coated rebar and welded wire fabric?
To prevent corrosion of the rebar/WWF
A welded wire fabric is called for on the drawings as WWF 8 x 8 - W6xW6
What does that mean?
It comes in sheets that are 8’ x 8’ and weighs 600 pounds
Other than the concrete strength expressed in PSI (i.e. 3,000 PSI concrete), list at least 3 concrete specifications that could add cost to the price of concrete CY:
Different admixtures that are required in the mix (mix design)
Reinforcement required in the specifications
Formwork required - what kind (earth form, reused, etc.)
T or F:Reinforcing bars are listed by the bar number, which corresponds to the bar diameter in 10th of an inches.
For example, a No. 7 bar (also referred to as a # 7) has a 0.7 inch nominal diameter.
False