Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
Three Appeals
A
- Ethos
- Pathos
- Logos
2
Q
Ethos
A
Appeal to credibility / character
3
Q
Pathos
A
Appeal to emotion
4
Q
Logos
A
Appeal to logic / reason
5
Q
Three Branches of Rhetoric
A
- Forensic / Judicial (Past)
- Deliberative / Political (Future)
- Epideictic / Oratory (Present)
6
Q
Forensic (Judicial) Rhetoric - Two Branches
A
- Morality
i. Justice (+)
ii. Injustice (-) - Legality
i. Legal (+)
ii. Illegal (-)
- Deals with judgement
- Courtroom
- Want to convince audience something did or didn’t happen
- An action can be illegal, but just.
- An action can be legal, but unjust.
7
Q
Deliberative (Political) Rhetoric - Two Branches
A
- Morality (higher plane of decision-making) (ideals)
i. Virtue (+)
ii. Vice (-) - Interest (personal gain) (material)
i. Advantage (+)
ii. Disadvantage (-)
- Deals with judgement
- Want to convince audience to take action
- What action should occur in the future
- DJT saying we need to build the wall
8
Q
Epideictic (Oratory) Branch
A
- Associated with the present
- Doesn’t expect audience to do anything
- Creates emotion through PRAISE (+) & BLAME (-)
- End goal : audience feels something
9
Q
Five Canons of Rhetoric
A
- Invention
- Arrangement
- Style
- Memory
- Delivery
10
Q
Invention
A
- Discovery of proofs
- What arguments are available that will appeal to my audience?
- Want to make sure the audience with decode the message exactly how you encoded it
11
Q
Arrangement
A
- Shaping of argument
12
Q
Style (Three Types)
A
- Giving argument a form in language
- High Style
- Trying to sound elite
- High tone
- Big words
- Shakespeare prose - Middle Style
- Jargon that only certain people (in a certain field or profession) would know
- Elevated audience - Plain Style
- Common language
- Most people are familiar with
- Not necessarily low brow
13
Q
Memory
A
- Absorbing the argument
- Makes speaker look like speech is extemporaneous & coming from the heart when spontaneous
- Teleprompters make speaker seem inauthentic
- Establishes ethos
14
Q
Delivery
A
- Putting the argument across
15
Q
Six Parts of a Speech
A
- Exordium (Ethos)
- Narration
- Division
- Proof (Logos)
- Refutation
- Peroration (Pathos)
16
Q
Exordium (Ethos)
A
- First part of a speech
- Convinces people they should listen to the rest of the speech
17
Q
Narration
A
- Second part of a speech
- Sets out the facts as generally understood / everyone agrees on
- Helps others person understand stakes & rules of the debate
18
Q
Division
A
- Third part of a speech
- Sets out the areas of disagreement
- Explains how your view or argument differs from others
19
Q
Proof (Logos)
A
- Fourth part of a speech
- Lays out evidence
- Humanizes / characterizes people in examples
- Empirical
20
Q
Refutation
A
- Fifth part of a speech
- Refutes opponent’s arguments
- Doesn’t have to be fully articulate
- Can just refute their strongest point
21
Q
Peroration (Pathos)
A
- Sixth part of a speech
- Sum up
- Restatement of proof
- Transcend the argument
- Reframe it to appeal to emotion so the audience wants to do what you want them to do
- Last thing you want stuck in their head
22
Q
Conjectural Stasis
A
- Deals with questions of fact
- Did he commit the crime?
- What evidence is there?
- Did this happen or not?
23
Q
Definitional Stasis
A
- Deals with questions of definition
- Not challenging what happened, just how to label it
- What kind of crime did he commit?
- Was this murder or manslaughter?
- Was it premeditated?
- What do we call what happened?
24
Q
Qualitative Stasis
A
- Deals with questions of quality
- Was it legal or was it just?
- Could weigh in on definitional stasis
25
Q
Translative Stasis
A
- Deals with questions of jurisdiction
- Is this the right court to be trying the question?
- State or Federal Court?
- Civil or criminal?
- Legitimacy
- Public opinion
- Is this the right place to determine whether he did this or not?
26
Q
Humor
A
- Part of style
- Based on common agreement if both sides laugh
- Self-deprecation levels speaker with audience
- Endearing to acknowledge flaws
- Helps speaker relate to audience
27
Q
Cadence
A
- Part of style
- How speeches sound
- Using repetition or repetitious sounds
- Get things stuck in audience’s head
28
Q
Auxesis
A
- Cranking things up
- Using inflated language
- Hyperboles
- “American carnage”
29
Q
Circumlocutio
A
- Talk around a point
- Refer to a person or situation without specifically mentioning it
- DJT referring to Elizabeth Warren as Pochahontas
30
Q
Enargia
A
- Orator tries to paint a picture really vividly so that the audience can see it
- DJT’s description of sex trafficking at SOTU
31
Q
Hypophera
A
- Propose a question & immediately answer it
- Make audience feel smart
- Used to spark interest
32
Q
Kairos
A
- Extent to which the language of a speaker fits social or cultural context
- Time, location, audience
- Why a speech works in the time that it works
33
Q
Occultatio
A
- Talking about something while saying you’re not going to
- “I’m not going bring up your husband’s infidelity but…”
34
Q
Paronomasia
A
- Wordplay
35
Q
Syllogism
A
- Proof
- x + y = z
36
Q
Enthymeme
A
- If you agree with x, then you agree with y
- a = b
37
Q
Synthome
A
- a = b and b = c, therefore a = c
