Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Modalities > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal for a modalities during the inflammatory stage?

A

-Reduce blood flow and decrease cellular metabolism to lessen the formation of edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the goal of a modality during the proliferation stage?

A

-enhance blood flow and cellular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the goal of a modality during the maturation phase?

A

-facilitate collagen maturation and organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of pain receptors respond to high intensity mechanical and thermal stimuli and conduct the signal very quickly to create a withdrawl response?

A

-A delta fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what pain receptors condunt more slowly, and are related to dull or achy pains?

A

-C fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of neurons are nociceptor specific?

A

-High threshhold fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of neurons receive input from nociceptors and other afferent fibers?

A

-Wide dynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is increased responsiveness to noxious stimuli and non-noxious stimuli, increased receptive field and decreased activation threshold?

A

-Central sensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most commonly used theory to explain pain inhibition using modalities?

A

-The Gate control theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the gate control theory propose?

A

-that stimulation of large diameter A beta fibers activate local inhibitory circuits in the dorsal horn of the SC, thereby preventing nociceptive input from reaching the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two modalities are thought to stimulate A beta fibers?

A

-ESTIM and superficial heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does central inhibition propose?

A

-the pain is modulated by the activation of descending inhibitory pathways projecting into the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When applying a modality to a patient in the acute stage what position should they be in?

A

-The most comfortable position (loose pack)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the transfer of heat by the direct interaction of the molecules?

A

-conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can you facilitate conduction?

A

-add pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the transfer of heat caused by the movement of air of water molecules?

A

-convection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the transfer of heat due to the evaporation of liquid into a gas?

A

-Evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves?

A

-thermal radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

As the temperature gradient increases, what happens to the cooling effect?

A

-it increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main effect of cryotherapy?

A

-it decreases blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does cryotherapy cause blood flow to decrease?

A

-it causes vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood floow and reduces vasodilating transmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At what tempurate will there be a reflexive cyclical vasodilation/constriction response?

A

-50 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lower tissue tempuratures also decrease what?

A

-metabolic rate and oxygen demand (prevent hypoxia_

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does cryotherapy do to nerve conduction?

A

-slows it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does cryotherapy decrease spacticity?

A

-it results in a reflexive decrease in gamma-motor neuron activity, and decreases muscle spindle discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What effect does cryotherapy have on strength?

A

-it decreases it after only 10 minutes of cold exposure (MMT grades my not be reliable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What effect does cryoptherapy have on joint proprioception?

A

-it decreases it (be aware of activity after)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What temperatures should a conventional cold pack be?

A

-below 32 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How long can you apply a cold pack?

A

-twenty to thirty minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What type of cryotherapy is good to use on small areas?

A

-ice massage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how long should you apply an ice massage?

A

-10 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What temperature should whirlpools be if used on a distal extremity?

A

-50-65 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What temperature should a whirlpool be is used on the whole body?

A

-65 to 80 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How long should an ice bath/whirl pool be applied?

A

-10 to 20 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the order of sensations a patient will feel with cryotherapy?

A

-CBAN (cold, burning, aching, numbness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How does compression improve edema?

A

-It increases the tissue hydrostatic gradient that is thought to favor edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

50% pull and 50% overlap of an elastic wrap can create pressures of what?

A

-40 to 50 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Intermittent compression devices create pressures of what?

A

-30 to 75 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what pressure is neccesary to be above capillary pressure and encourage the absorption of edema?

A

-30 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the main reason to use superficial heat as a modality?

A

-to increase tissue extinsibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What temps should be used for vigorous heating?

A

-104 to 113 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

applying heat to a large amount of tissue can cause what systemic effects?

A

-increased HR, BP and pulmonary alterations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What type of heat particulary notes cutaneous vasodilation?

A

-moist heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does superficial heat block pain?

A

-by the gate control theory, and alter nerve conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What should the temperature range be for MHP?

A

-158 to 167

46
Q

What type of superficial heat therapy can be used to to descencitize hypersensitive skin?

A

-fluidotherapy

47
Q

What increases tissue temperature more than MHP, paraffin or warm whirl pool?

A

-fluidotherapy

48
Q

What type of cervical traction is most commonly used?

A

-intermittent

49
Q

What amount of flexion should the patient be place in to apply traction to c1-c2?

A

-0-5 degrees

50
Q

What amount of flexion should the patient be place in to apply traction to c3-c4?

A

-10-20 deg

51
Q

What amount of flexion should the patient be place in to apply traction to c5-c7?

A

-25 to 30 deg

52
Q

What poundage should be used on traction for c1-c2?

A

-10 lbs

53
Q

What poundage should be used on traction for c3-c3?

A

-10 to 15 lbs

54
Q

What poundage should be used on traction for c5 to c7?

A

-15-20 lbs

55
Q

Cervical static traction may be better used to treat what?

A

-HNP or muscle spasm

56
Q

To treat HNP or muscle spasm with traction, what should the parameters be?

A

-static for 5-8 minutes

57
Q

To treat cervical stenosis, DDD or facet dysfunction with traction, what parameters should you use?

A

-intermittent for 10-20 minutes (on/off: 20/20)

58
Q

How long should you ask the patient to remain flat on the table after the treatment?

A

-4 to 5 minutes

59
Q

What is the most notable reason to use lumbar traction?

A

-to treat HNP

60
Q

What poundage should you use for lumbar traction?

A

-Start with 1/2 of the patient body weight and then go up to 1/3

61
Q

What frequencies should you use to treat deeper structures with US?

A

-1 Mhz; treats up to 6 cm

62
Q

What frequency should be used to treat more superficial structures with US?

A

-3 Mhz; treats up to 2.5 cm

63
Q

How large can the treatment area be for US?

A

-4 to 5 times the size of the ERA

64
Q

What are the most common diathermy devices?

A

-pulsed short wave diathermy

65
Q

Pulsed short wave diathermy devices use what kind of frequencies?

A

-Low range/ Radio waves

66
Q

electromagnetic waves pass through human tissue and interact with the tissues radiant energy and increases what three things?

A

-energy absorption, tissue temperature and local circulation

67
Q

What does the Grotthuss Draper Law state?

A

-different wave lengths produce different effect and the extent of those effects is dependent on the amount of energy absorbed in the tissue. (deeper= more absorption)

68
Q

What foes the inverse square law state?

A

-the intensity of waves varies inversely with the square distance of the source of radiant energy. (if distance is decreased by half, the intensity is increased by 4)

69
Q

What does the cosine law state?

A

-The the max absorption occurs when the source is at a right angle with the absorbent tissue

70
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of which light therapy affects tissue with its non-thermal effects?

A

-photobiostimulation

71
Q

What is temporal coherence?

A

-when the photons of light are moving in a wave like pattern in phase with eachother

72
Q

What is spatial coherence?

A

-When reflecting mirror effects the light by focusing lenses to amplify light into a concentrated beam

73
Q

What affect does light therapy have on inflammation?

A

-It increases it

74
Q

How does light therapy increase inflammation?

A

-it increases vasodilation by increasing histamine and NO2 level, and increases profusion, and nutrient transport- over all increases healing

75
Q

How does light therapy improve tissue repair?

A

-it stimulates the mitochondial chromophore, which increases respiratory chain activity, improve ATP synthesis, increases cellular repair and increases the production of mRNA for collagen

76
Q

Light therapy increases when endogenous optiod that will decrease pain?

A

-beta endorphins

77
Q

infrared light therapy decreases bradykin and kallikrein which are what?

A

-pro-inflammatory mediators and pain facilitators

78
Q

What type of fibers does light therapy inhibit the depolarization of?

A

-C fibers

79
Q

Low level laser therapy has a max output of 500 mW or less, this produces what type of effects?

A

-non-thermal (cold laser)

80
Q

High intensity laser therapy can produce power greater than 500 mW, which creates what type of effect?

A

-Thermal heating effects

81
Q

helium neon lasers have a smaller wave length, can penetrate how deep below the skin?

A

-0.5 cm (good for treating chronic skin wounds

82
Q

infrared lasers, such as gallium arsenide produce longer wave lengths and experience less absorbtion and can penetrate how deep below the skin?

A

-2 to 4 cm

83
Q

What type of pattern should you used for low level laser therapy to treat lager chronic skin wounds?

A

-Grid

84
Q

When applying a high intensity laser what must you do?

A

-keep it moving to avoid burns

85
Q

What 5 things can low level laser therapy be used to treat?

A

-Wound healing, epicondyltis, CTS, Fribromyalgia and myofascial pain, neck pain

86
Q

What 3 things can high intensity laser therapy be helpful in treating?

A

-TMJ pain, LBP, shoulder pain

87
Q

LED can have a power output of what?

A

-5 to 40 mW

88
Q

Applications of infrared light for 30 minutes has been shown to increase what?

A

-plasma nitric oxide levels (increased vasodilation)

89
Q

Infrared light can also produce what effect that an increase the level of ATP in cells?

A

-irradiate lymptocytes

90
Q

SLED can produce power up to 90 mW which can have what effect on tissue?

A

-Superficial heating

91
Q

What are the primary indications for LED and SLED therapy?

A

-similar to low level light therapy: pain relief of shoulder dysfunction, DJD and peripheral neuropathy

92
Q

How far should the applicator be away from the skin with the capacitative method of diathermy?

A

-1 to 3 inches

93
Q

What type of tissue heats faster with diathermy?

A

-adipose

94
Q

What is the most clinical application of diathermy?

A

-to increase tissue temperature of deeper tissues

95
Q

What is one disadvantage to diathermy that other forms of electromagnetic therapy can do?

A

-they cannot depolarize motor nerves

96
Q

What affect will diathermy have on muscle strength?

A

-it will decrease it breifly and then increase it for 30 minutes

97
Q

Inductive diathermy is more effective in treating what, than MHP?

A

-Pain from trigger points

98
Q

Short wave diathermy has been shown to promote an analgesic effect on what condition?

A

-knee OA

99
Q

Diathermy can be used increase healing in what?

A

-bone and soft tissue

100
Q

The nonthermal effects of diathermy have been shown to increase what?

A

-fibroblasts and chondrocyte proliferation, and increase vascular perfusion

101
Q

Diathermy can be used to treat what type of wounds?

A

-state III and IV ulcers

102
Q

What type of response does dose I diathermy create?

A

-nonthermal

103
Q

Dose II diathermy is associated with what sensation?

A

-mild heat

104
Q

Dose III diathermy is shown to cause what type of sensation?

A

-Moderate heating

105
Q

What does of diathermy is used for vigorous heating?

A

-Dose IV

106
Q

What is the wattage for dose II diathermy?

A

-12

107
Q

What is the wattage for dose III diathermy?

A

-24

108
Q

What is the wattage for dose IV diathermy

A

-48

109
Q

What can dose I diathermy be used to treat?

A

-acute injuries

110
Q

What should dose II diathermy be used to treat?

A

-subacute injuries

111
Q

What should dose III diathermy be used to treat?

A

-pain, muscle spasm, and chronic conditions

112
Q

To increase tissue extensability, what dose diathermy should you use?

A

-IV

Modalities (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions