Midterm Flashcards
Bacillus cereus
++Spore forming bacteria
Preformed toxin in rice= stat vom
Cereals & dried foods
Salt tolerant, wide temp range, alkaline
Campylobacter jejuni
—spore forming bacteria
Guillain-barre- LPS mimics gangliosides
Environmentally fragile but big abx resister
Can be found in healthy animals but not commensal to humans (no asymptomatic human carriage)
Incubation 2-5 hrs, bloody diarrhea
NEEDS 5% O2
Clostridium perfringens
++spore forming bacteria
Die when frozen
Clostridium botulinum
++spore forming bacteria
No antibodies it kills you too fast
Home canning & baby honey
Preformed toxin, strictly anaerobic (could still grow on that shipping container) boil that shit (if in acid, can boil less)
Prevented by sodium nitrite which turns meat red but babies blue
Escheria coli
—vegetative bacteria Aerobe & facult anaer, commensal Infx dose <10 cells, 0.5-2 microns Sensitive to heat but resistant to acid Petting zoos & ground beef Enterohemorrhagic EHEC= HUS kidney failures & seizures, TTP (STEC) bloody diarrhea Enterotoxigenic ETEC= travelers
Legionella pneumophila
—vegetative bacteria Legonairres disease & Pontiac fever- flu with PNA
Water reservoirs, 10% fatality
Philadelphia outbreak inhalation
Sensitive to heat & chlorine
Listeria monocytogenes
++ vegetative bacteria
Rare but deadly, likes the cold 4•
Resistant to acid & salt
Crosses placenta, meningitis, Septicemia, encephalitis. intracellular moves thru actin
Salmonella Enteritidis
—vegetative bacteria
Eggs & turtles, raw dog food, can hang out on dry foods like chocolate- susceptible to heat but resistant to freezing & drying
Very environmentally adaptable
1-2 days
Salmonella typhii & paratyphii
—vegetative bacteria
10% fatality
Onset 1-3 weeks, fever & anorexia
Anaer & aer
Shigella dysenteriae, flexneri, boydii, sonnei
—vegetative bacteria
Waterborne af, does not survive pH <4.5
Mucus & bloody diarrhea, anal tremors
Humans only carriers- daycares & cruise ships
Infective dose just ten cells “bacillary dysentery”
Staphylococcus aureus
—vegetative bacteria
Toxin resistant to heat & stomach enzymes
.5-6 hrs incubation
Less than 1mcg infx dose, likes to grow in the cold!
Vibrio cholerae
—vegetative bacteria
60% fatality; food & bev, ricewater stools
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
—vegetative bacteria
Halophilic, marine, can grow in alkaline conditions
Vibrio vulnificus
—vegetative bacteria Most severe, fatality >50% (alcoholics who eat oysters) gastroenteritis or sepsis If immunocomp, wounds exposed to water Can survive super cold Infx dose <100
Calicivirus- Noro
Virus - ssRNA & naked
SMOL 0.03 microns with tiny infectious dose
6-12 hrs incubation, diverse af, cruise ships. Sensitive to chlorine. Think American vandal
Hepatitis A
Virus- ssRNA & naked
Lifelong immunity, vaccine
Very environmentally tough- stable at low temps and low pH
Hepatitis E
Virus- ssRNA & naked
No sequelae, pigs, fatal in preg women
Rotavirus
Virus- DsRNA & naked
Kids, vaccine doesn’t work well in tropical areas
Adenovirus
DsDNA, naked. Toughest virus, takes more uv light to kill because repairs DNA. Causes all waterborne conjunctivitis
Giardia
Protozoa
Large & filterable
Can withstand chlorination, susceptible to heat
Wilderness
Infx dose one cyst. Trophs=upper small intestine. 50% asymptomatic. Fatty & smells bad
Cryptosporidium Parvum/Hominis
No kryptonite! Can’t filter tiny eggs, Milwaukee, resistant to chlorination- pools & spas. Very zoonotic.
3 microns
Killed by conventional cooking
Toxoplasma gondii
CATS- mice not afraid. Mild flu then stays in muscles. Sensitive to heat, 50% ppl have antibodies (exposed). Causes abortions