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HLTH AGE 1BB3 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Social Structure

A

A relatively stable pattern of social interactions

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2
Q

Gerontology

A

The discipline that systematically studies aging

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3
Q

Prejudice

A

Being biased against someone or something; a negative judgement formed beforehand without knowledge of the facts.

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4
Q

Discrimination

A

Unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice

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5
Q

Stereotypes

A

An exaggerated and often prejudiced view of a type of person or group of people

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6
Q

Elderspeak

A

Simplified speech like baby talk that some people use when they speak to older people; it stems from stereotyping older people as slow-witted

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7
Q

Ageism

A

Prejudice against older people

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8
Q

Anti-Aging Industry

A

The multibillion dollar worldwide market for products that claim to reduce or reverse the effects of aging.

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9
Q

Intergenerational Equity

A

A call for balanced support of older and younger people through public policy and public expenditures

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10
Q

Society For All Ages

A

Promotes the well being and contributions of older people in all aspects of life, recognizes their valuable contributions, and reflects the goals of elimination of ageism of all sectors; a society for all ages has five core principles: dignity, independence, participation, fairness and security.

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11
Q

Social Gerontology

A

A subfield within the wider field of gerontology; it focuses on the social side of aging, while other subfields study the physical and biological aspects of aging.

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12
Q

Micro Level Theories

A

Focus on individuals and their interactions; they are used to explain phoneme such as the relationship between adult children and their parents, changes in memory with age, and the effect of negative attitudes on older people’s self-esteem.

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13
Q

Macro Level Theories

A

Examine social structures or structural elements as they influence experiences and behaviours

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14
Q

Interpretive Perspective

A

Focuses almost exclusively on the micro level of social life; it looks at how people define situations, how they create social order, and how they relate to one another in daily life.

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15
Q

Functionalist Perspective

A

Holds that social order is based on consensus, cooperation, and shared norms and values, and that all parts of society serve a role or function to keep society in a state of balance or equilibrium; structural functionalism predicts that when social change, society will attempt to create an orderly transition to a new, stable state.

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16
Q

Positivist Worldview

A

Based on the belief that knowledge is built by studying observable facts and their relationship to one another.

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17
Q

Age Stratification Theory

A

Focuses on the movement of age cohorts over the life course and on “the role of social structures in the process of individual aging and the stratification by age in the society”

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18
Q

Age Cohort

A

A group of people born in the same period of time

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19
Q

Age Grades

A

A concept used in age stratification theory to describe periods of life defined by society, such as childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.

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20
Q

Life Course Perspective

A

A functionalist approach that bridges the micro and macro levels of analysis by incorporating social interaction and social structure within its framework; begins with the idea that life unfolds from birth to death in a social, cultural, and historical context; looks at the impact of social institutions, historical periods and events, personal biography, life cycle stage, life events and resources on the older person

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21
Q

Transitions

A

Changes in social status or social roles

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22
Q

Trajectories

A

Long term patterns of stability and change that often include many transitions

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23
Q

Non Normative Events

A

Unexpected events such as illness, layoffs and accidents

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24
Q

Normative History Graded Events

A

Shape the lives of many age cohorts, such as The Great Depression of the 1930s or World War 2

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25
Q

Normative Age Graded Events

A

Socially sanctioned events that occur most often at a certain age, like marriage or retirement

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26
Q

Age Status A-synchronization

A

Someone for whom major life events come early or late- a teenaged mother or a newlywed octogenarian- may feel out of sync with the age status system in Canada

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27
Q

Conflict Perspective

A

Holds that society consists of conflicts between dominant and subordinate social groups

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28
Q

Political Economy Theory

A

Focuses on conflict and change in social life; it traces this conflict to the struggle between social classes and to the resulting dominance of some groups in society and the subordination of others.

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29
Q

Interlocking Systems of Oppression

A

Macro levels connections linking systems of oppression such as race, class and gender

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30
Q

Cumulative Advantage & Disadvantage Theory

A

Says that advantages and disadvantages earlier in life accumulate and are magnified over the life course

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31
Q

Feminist Approaches

A

View gender as a defining characteristic in social interaction and life experiences, as well as in the process and experience of aging; gender is seen as socially constructed, with men being more advantaged than women in society

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32
Q

Narrative Gerontology

A

Seeks to understand the “inside” of aging by examining the narratives or life stories that people tell in order to organize and make sense of their lives, and their experiences of aging

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33
Q

Moral Economy Theory

A

Focuses on shared values and social norms that shape popular beliefs in the legitimacy of certain practices and policies; this theory complements political economy theory

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34
Q

Critical Gerontology

A

Theoretical approach that look “within” theory and research to critically examine and question the underlying and “taken for granted” assumptions about aging.

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35
Q

Post Modern Theory

A

Contrasts contemporary society with society in the recent past. For example, older people today can take on many roles in retirement, whereas in the past they had limited options after they retired.

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36
Q

Age Effects

A

On a person’s life are related to a physical decline or change due to the aging process

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37
Q

Period or Environmental Effects

A

On a person’s life are due to the time of measurement; this would include historical, social, or environmental effects, such as ongoing war, changes in health habits, or changes in healthcare policies that have different influences on different age cohorts.

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38
Q

Cohort Effects

A

Related to the time of the person’s birth

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39
Q

Cross Sectional Research Design

A

Studies people from many age groups at one point in time.

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40
Q

Longitudinal Research Design

A

Looks at a single group of people at two or more points in time

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41
Q

Time Lag Comparison Design

A

Examines different groups of people of the same age at different points in time

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42
Q

Sequential Design

A

Researchers look at a series of cross sectional studies during a longitudinal study.

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43
Q

Evidence Based Practice

A

Promotes the use of research findings in the delivery of services to older people.

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44
Q

Population Aging

A

Demographers, experts who study population change, use at least three measures of population aging: (1) The number of older people in a population,(2) The median age of a population, (3) The proportion of older people in a population

45
Q

More Developed Regions

A

Following the UN classification, more developed countries comprise of all Europe and North America, plus Australia, Japan and New Zealand

46
Q

Less Developed Regions

A

Developing regions and countries are classified as less developed

47
Q

Least Developed Regions

A

Consist of 49 countries with especially low incomes, high economic vulnerability and poor human development indicators.

48
Q

Birth Rate

A

The number of live births per 1,000 women in a population

49
Q

Fertility Rate

A

The average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through all of her childbearing years conforming to the age specific fertility rates of a given year

50
Q

Median Age

A

Half the population is older and half is younger than the median age.

51
Q

Death Rate

A

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population

52
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A

The death rate of children less than one year old

53
Q

Demographic Transition

A

Occurs when a population changes from a high birth rate/high death rate condition to a low birth rate/low death rate condition.

54
Q

Baby Boom

A

The sharp rise in the fertility rate in Canada from about 1946 to the early 1960s.

55
Q

Baby Bust

A

The sharp drop in the fertility rate from the mid 1960s on

56
Q

Age Specific Birth Rate

A

The number of births in a given age group per 1,000 women in that age group.

57
Q

Prospective Aging

A

Allows demographers to compare populations with different life expectancies, and to compare one society at different points in time as life expectancy increases; one measure of prospective aging uses a number of years of remaining life expectancy as the start of old age.

58
Q

Old Age Security Pension

A

Canada’s basic retirement income program, which supplements the income of nearly all of the country’s older people

59
Q

Guaranteed Income Supplement

A

An income supplement program for the poorest older people

60
Q

Allowance

A

An income supplement program for spouses

61
Q

Apocalyptic Demography

A

The use of demographic facts to project the high cost of an aging population and predict that population aging will lead to economic and social crisis

62
Q

Crude Dependency Rate

A

Are based solely on the number of people in each age group

63
Q

Overall Dependency Ratio (Or Rate)

A

The combined total number of people age 19 and under and people age 65 and over divided by the number of people age 20 to 64

64
Q

Elderly Dependency Ratio

A

The number of people age 65 and over divided by the population age 20 to 64

65
Q

Youth Dependency Ratio

A

The number of people age 0 to 19 divided by the population age 20 to 64

66
Q

Demographic Determinism

A

The assumption that population dynamics determine the future of social relations and social institutions.

67
Q

Ethnicity

A

Variously defined as country of birth, birthplaces of ancestors, cultural heritage or self identification with an ethnocultural group

68
Q

Minority Groups

A

In Canada, those ethnocultural groups that have not originated in Northern and Western European countries

69
Q

Visible Minority

A

Non European in origin and/or not white in skin tone; curiously, Canada’s official definition of visible minority excludes the Indigenous population

70
Q

Culture

A

Shared language, beliefs, values, customs and practices

71
Q

Multiple Jeopardy Theory

A

The hypothesis that there is a compounding of disadvantages associated with age, race, ethnicity and gender

72
Q

Buffering Theory

A

Holds that a culture that values seniors and provides meaningful roles for them tends to protect them to a degree from losses and social devaluation in later life.

73
Q

Life Course Perspective

A

Begins with the idea that life unfolds from birth to death in a social, cultural, and historical context; this perspective looks at the impact of social institutions, historical periods and events, personal biography, life cycle stage, life events and resources on the minority older person.

74
Q

Filial Piety

A

The culturally defined obligation, highly valued in Asian cultures, of adult children to their aging parents, requiring adult children to support their parents in their old age.

75
Q

Cultural Enclaves

A

Areas in a city or region where particular ethnocultural groups tend to congregate geographically and socially.

76
Q

Institutional Completeness

A

The presence in a community of a wide range of economic, social and religious institutions, including the availability of services, agencies and programs

77
Q

Gentrification

A

In migration into older urban neighbourhoods by new (often wealthy residents) that tends to drive up property values and displace former residents.

78
Q

Maximum Life Span

A

The maximum number of yers a member of a species can live

79
Q

Life Expectancy

A

The number of years at birth an average member of a population can expect to live

80
Q

Chronic Health Problems

A

Long term illnesses such as arthritis, rheumatism, hypertension, diabetes and heart disease

81
Q

Epidemiological Transition

A

The transition a society makes when it moves from a high rate of acute illness to a high rate of chronic illness; Canada has made this transition.

82
Q

Activities of Daily Living

A

Activities performed daily, such as bathing, moving from a bed or chair, dressing, getting to and using the toilet, eating or walking.

83
Q

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

A

Home management activities such as using the phone, cooking, shopping, managing finances and doing light housework.

84
Q

Hypokinesia

A

Physical problems due to lack of movement

85
Q

Disability Free Life Expectancy

A

The years of life remaining that are free of any disability

86
Q

Dependence Free Life Expectancy

A

The number of years of remaining life that a person will live in a state free of dependence on others for daily tasks

87
Q

Compression Of Morbidity Hypothesis

A

The idea that severe chronic illness would occur for a short time near the end of life

88
Q

Rectangularization or Squaring Of The Survival Curve

A

The change over time in survival curves resulting in a right angle or square shape, leading researchers to conclude that a finite life span exists.

89
Q

Successful Aging

A

Characterized by a low chance of disease and disability, high mental and physical functioning, active engagement in social relations and productive activity

90
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation

A

Those who age successfully use the SOC method: They select activities that optimize their ability, and when they can no longer engage in an activity, they compensate for losses by setting new priorities.

91
Q

Functional Disability

A

A limitation in the performance of normal daily activities due to illness or injury.

92
Q

Narrative Gerontology

A

Looks at the larger patterns & trends using statistical data. Qualitative work. Stories and making sense of what it is like to grow old

93
Q

Critical Gerontology

A

The role of critical gerontology is to cast a critical eye on society and the field of gerontology itself.

94
Q

Paradigm

A

Family’s of theories

95
Q

Age Cohort

A

Group of people born around the same time

96
Q

Age Grades

A

Socially constructed term. Adolescence/Young adulthood or older adults, youths. Term for certain age groups.

97
Q

Social Policy

A

Where our public administrations are engaged in actions that impact the health and well being of people

98
Q

Policy

A

Set of principles, protocols, prevalent in organizations

99
Q

Ageism

A

Prejudice against older people

100
Q

Gerontology

A

A discipline that systematically studies aging

101
Q

Life Span Development

A

Refers to the idea that what happens early in life will affect you later in life

102
Q

Agency

A

Your ability to make choices and have control over your life

103
Q

Timing & Social Location

A

When events happen to you it will have an impact on you

104
Q

Linked Lives

A

Interconnections that we have with people

105
Q

Ethnicity

A

Culture, race, religion, the country you came from

106
Q

Culture

A

Norms, beliefs, values, traditions

107
Q

Multiple Jeopardy Theory

A

If you are a visible minority, then you have a number of challenges ahead of you. Characteristics that cause discrimination against you

108
Q

Buffering Theory

A

The idea that if you have family support then you will be able to buffer those discrimination or problems that you would have

109
Q

The Life Course Perspective

A

Looks at differences between and within a minority group, cultural subgroups, and age cohorts among minority groups.

HLTH AGE 1BB3 (2 decks)

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