Midterm Flashcards
When was the French Revolution
What happened
1789
Everyone emancipated except Jews
When was emancipation
What was
1791
Jews given equal rights and freedom
When did Zionism begin
Abraham lech lecha
Leshanah ha ba beyerushalaim
Moses led Jews to Israel
5 cities for old yishuv
Tiberius Jerusalem Beer Sheva Safed Chevron
Why did modern Zionism come about in the 1800s
Jews believed they had been fully equal because of emancipation but they still weren’t
What was the Dreyfus affair
French Jewish officer accused of being a spy for German army. Herzl came to report and saw that antisemtism was alive and well.
Modern Zionism examples
WZO
Chibbat Zion
Basel program
1881
Czar assasinated by revolutionaries and Jews were blamed and pogroms began in the pale of settlements
3 types of antisemitism
Religious (Jews are Christ killers)
Racial
Anti Israel
1882
May laws : Jews were kicked out of jobs and into larger cities in hopes of assimilating them
Kishinev pogrom
1903
Pale of settlements pogrom
1881-1884
What was the Cantonist system
Jews age BLANK were conscripted into czar’s army for 25 years in hopes 1/3 would die and 1/3 would convert. Rich ppl could pay it off
Who was Leo pinsker
Lived in Russia
Assimilated
Medical dr
Expected to be emancipated soon but no sorry 1881 pogroms
Became Zionist
Created Zionist organization (hibbat zion)
Socialism quote
Work according to your ability and receive according to your need
Turkey and Herzl?
Went to Ottoman Empire (controlled palestine) to purchase a charter for Palestine but it fell through
1897
First Zionist congress
Basle Switzerland where they created WZO
What is political Zionism
Problem: dangers of antisemitism
Solution: Jews need their own territory
4 points of basle program
- Promote settlement of Jews in Palestine
- Unity of world Jewry
- Belief that Jews are a a nation
- Get political consent to make Palestine a Jewish country
What was judeophobia
Fear of Jews = fear of ghosts
Jews are both alive and dead because we’re a living nation with no land
Cure= Jews need their own country
1903
Uganda plan:
Britain offered Uganda to the Jews as their country
Herzl wanted to accept as a ‘temporary night shelter’
Specifically Russian Jews voted against it
Old yishuv
Old settlement (came with Moses and never left)
Religious
Yiddish
Studied torah
Chalukah: money raised by Jews to donate to old yishuv
Lived in Israel because Israel is the holy land
New yishuv
Ca,e with first and second Aliyah
Farmers
Hebrew
Came to build a country
Spiritual/cultural Zionism
Asher Ginsburg (achad haam)
Problem: lack of Jewish unity and pride, too much assimilation
Solution: we need Israel and Jerusalem as a Jewish state
First Aliyah
1882-1903
Russian Jews
Middle class
Biluim and chovevei Zion
Second Aliyah
1904-1914
Born into traditional, religious, Jewish, middle class families, spoke Yiddish, Russian
Rebelled against their upbringing and became socialists
Spoke Hebrew: anti diaspora, anti Yiddish, anti religious
Labour Zionism
Kibbutz
Challenged facing 2nd Aliyah
Hunger Unemployment Malaria Loneliness Old yishuv looked down upon them
Old yishuv and arabs and new yishuv relationships
Little interaction/conflict
Neither wanted to create a state
Suddenly new yishuv wanted to create a state, so arabs wanted Palestine also
Arabs were mad at ny but they attacked oy as they were defenseless
1909
Hashomer to protect NY from arabs
Haj Amin al husseini
Mufti of Jerusalem
1920/21 and 1936-39 led riots ans massacre Jews (lied to arabs to get them rialed up)
Haj- had been to Mecca
1920
Haganah to protect Jews from arabs
1948
Haganah become IDF or TZAHAL
1917
Balfour declaration: his majesty’s government views with Favourite the establishment of a Jewish national home in Israel
Why did arabs think NY were threatening them
NY said they’re a people without a land going to a land without a people but they thought arabs would be happy cuz they’re bring medicine…
Eliezer Ben yehuda
Father of modern spoken Hebrew
Developed his own ideas (free thinker)
Ideology: use Sephardic Hebrew on a day to day basis (not just Torah)
Jews should speak Hebrew and love in Israel
Religious extremist Jews vandalize his grave but they use swear words I. Hebrew!!!! Success
AD Gordon
Born to religious fam
Farmer
Was in 2nd Aliyah (grandfather of Aliyah)
Zionist Congress participant
Believed diasporah Jews depended on others to survive (parasite) solution: Kibbush Avoda (conquest of labour) because Agriculture is holy
Hapoel hatzair (non socialist Zionist movement created)
Gordonia
Fav Abraham Kook
Orthodox Rabbi( first Chief Ashkenazi Rabbi in Palestine)
fathers of religious Zionism (known as Mizrachi).
most rabbis did not accept secular Jews (believed that they were not pure and messiah would not come with the them in Israel.) Most rabbis were not even Zionist (thought Zionism only for secular)
Rav Kook believed that even though most Jews on the kibbutzim were secular, they were helping Israel by building their lives there and thought there should be a relationship between secular and religious. He thought the messiah would only come if the secular and Orthodox Jews were as one people.
Why did Russian Jews vote against Uganda plan
Surprising
Pogroms so they were in danger but they believed Jewish state must be Israel
