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Jewish history > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the French Revolution

What happened

A

1789

Everyone emancipated except Jews

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2
Q

When was emancipation

What was

A

1791

Jews given equal rights and freedom

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3
Q

When did Zionism begin

A

Abraham lech lecha
Leshanah ha ba beyerushalaim
Moses led Jews to Israel

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4
Q

5 cities for old yishuv

A 
Tiberius
Jerusalem
Beer Sheva
Safed
Chevron
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5
Q

Why did modern Zionism come about in the 1800s

A

Jews believed they had been fully equal because of emancipation but they still weren’t

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6
Q

What was the Dreyfus affair

A

French Jewish officer accused of being a spy for German army. Herzl came to report and saw that antisemtism was alive and well.

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7
Q

Modern Zionism examples

A

WZO
Chibbat Zion
Basel program

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8
Q

1881

A

Czar assasinated by revolutionaries and Jews were blamed and pogroms began in the pale of settlements

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9
Q

3 types of antisemitism

A

Religious (Jews are Christ killers)
Racial
Anti Israel

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10
Q

1882

A

May laws : Jews were kicked out of jobs and into larger cities in hopes of assimilating them

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11
Q

Kishinev pogrom

A

1903

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12
Q

Pale of settlements pogrom

A

1881-1884

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13
Q

What was the Cantonist system

A

Jews age BLANK were conscripted into czar’s army for 25 years in hopes 1/3 would die and 1/3 would convert. Rich ppl could pay it off

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14
Q

Who was Leo pinsker

A

Lived in Russia
Assimilated
Medical dr
Expected to be emancipated soon but no sorry 1881 pogroms
Became Zionist
Created Zionist organization (hibbat zion)

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15
Q

Socialism quote

A

Work according to your ability and receive according to your need

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16
Q

Turkey and Herzl?

A

Went to Ottoman Empire (controlled palestine) to purchase a charter for Palestine but it fell through

17
Q

1897

A

First Zionist congress

Basle Switzerland where they created WZO

18
Q

What is political Zionism

A

Problem: dangers of antisemitism
Solution: Jews need their own territory

19
Q

4 points of basle program

A
  1. Promote settlement of Jews in Palestine
  2. Unity of world Jewry
  3. Belief that Jews are a a nation
  4. Get political consent to make Palestine a Jewish country
20
Q

What was judeophobia

A

Fear of Jews = fear of ghosts
Jews are both alive and dead because we’re a living nation with no land
Cure= Jews need their own country

21
Q

1903

A

Uganda plan:
Britain offered Uganda to the Jews as their country
Herzl wanted to accept as a ‘temporary night shelter’
Specifically Russian Jews voted against it

22
Q

Old yishuv

A

Old settlement (came with Moses and never left)
Religious
Yiddish
Studied torah
Chalukah: money raised by Jews to donate to old yishuv
Lived in Israel because Israel is the holy land

23
Q

New yishuv

A

Ca,e with first and second Aliyah
Farmers
Hebrew
Came to build a country

24
Q

Spiritual/cultural Zionism

A

Asher Ginsburg (achad haam)
Problem: lack of Jewish unity and pride, too much assimilation
Solution: we need Israel and Jerusalem as a Jewish state

25
Q

First Aliyah

A

1882-1903
Russian Jews
Middle class
Biluim and chovevei Zion

26
Q

Second Aliyah

A

1904-1914
Born into traditional, religious, Jewish, middle class families, spoke Yiddish, Russian
Rebelled against their upbringing and became socialists
Spoke Hebrew: anti diaspora, anti Yiddish, anti religious

27
Q

Labour Zionism

A

Kibbutz

28
Q

Challenged facing 2nd Aliyah

A 
Hunger
Unemployment
Malaria
Loneliness
Old yishuv looked down upon them
29
Q

Old yishuv and arabs and new yishuv relationships

A

Little interaction/conflict
Neither wanted to create a state
Suddenly new yishuv wanted to create a state, so arabs wanted Palestine also
Arabs were mad at ny but they attacked oy as they were defenseless

30
Q

1909

A

Hashomer to protect NY from arabs

31
Q

Haj Amin al husseini

A

Mufti of Jerusalem
1920/21 and 1936-39 led riots ans massacre Jews (lied to arabs to get them rialed up)
Haj- had been to Mecca

32
Q

1920

A

Haganah to protect Jews from arabs

33
Q

1948

A

Haganah become IDF or TZAHAL

34
Q

1917

A

Balfour declaration: his majesty’s government views with Favourite the establishment of a Jewish national home in Israel

35
Q

Why did arabs think NY were threatening them

A

NY said they’re a people without a land going to a land without a people but they thought arabs would be happy cuz they’re bring medicine…

36
Q

Eliezer Ben yehuda

A

Father of modern spoken Hebrew
Developed his own ideas (free thinker)
Ideology: use Sephardic Hebrew on a day to day basis (not just Torah)
Jews should speak Hebrew and love in Israel
Religious extremist Jews vandalize his grave but they use swear words I. Hebrew!!!! Success

37
Q

AD Gordon

A

Born to religious fam
Farmer
Was in 2nd Aliyah (grandfather of Aliyah)
Zionist Congress participant
Believed diasporah Jews depended on others to survive (parasite) solution: Kibbush Avoda (conquest of labour) because Agriculture is holy
Hapoel hatzair (non socialist Zionist movement created)
Gordonia

38
Q

Fav Abraham Kook

A

Orthodox Rabbi( first Chief Ashkenazi Rabbi in Palestine)

fathers of religious Zionism (known as Mizrachi).

most rabbis did not accept secular Jews (believed that they were not pure and messiah would not come with the them in Israel.) Most rabbis were not even Zionist (thought Zionism only for secular)

Rav Kook believed that even though most Jews on the kibbutzim were secular, they were helping Israel by building their lives there and thought there should be a relationship between secular and religious. He thought the messiah would only come if the secular and Orthodox Jews were as one people.

39
Q

Why did Russian Jews vote against Uganda plan

Surprising

A

Pogroms so they were in danger but they believed Jewish state must be Israel

Jewish history (1 decks)

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