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Grad School: Human Learning > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Acquisition

A

When the stimulus initially establishes a response

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2
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

Occurrence of behavior learned through habituation or conditioning in the presence of stimulus that are different from the stimulus used during training

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3
Q

Extinction

A

Elimination of a classical or operant contingency

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4
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

Recovery of a response produced by a period of rest after habituation or extinction

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5
Q

Generalization

A

Tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli

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6
Q

Contiguity

A

How close two or more stimuli occur in time and space. Important to classical conditioning

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7
Q

Delayed Conditioning

A

Conditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the unconditioned stimulus on each trial

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8
Q

Backward Conditioning (Forward Chaining)

A

Last response or response component of chain is taught first because it is closest to the delivery of the reinforcer

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9
Q

Habituation

A

Decrease in vigor of an elicited behavior

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10
Q

Sensitization

A

Increase in responsivity

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11
Q

Aversion Therapy

A

Patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort

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12
Q

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

A

Patients receiving virtual reality therapy navigate through digitally created environments and complete specially designed tasks often tailored to treat a specific ailment

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13
Q

An instance of learning

A

Classical Conditioning, Observational Conditioning, Associative Learning, and Operant Conditioning

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14
Q

A behavior that illustrates learning

A

Can be either an increase or decrease in a particular response

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15
Q

Mind-Body Dualism

A

Idea of Rene Descartes. Believed that the mind and body are two distinct entities that interact to make a person

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16
Q

Hypothesis

A

Scientific idea that is a testable explanation of some phenomenon

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17
Q

Random Sampling

A

Participants are chosen at random

18
Q

State of Consciousness

A

Anything that varies from a normal state of awareness

19
Q

Operational Definition

A

Tells you how to recognize examples of learning and how to recognize non examples when you see them

20
Q

Behavioral Explanation

A

Behaviors are acquired through conditioning

21
Q

Conditioned Response (CR)

A

Automatic response established by training to a neutral stimulus

22
Q

Elimination of the CR

A

CS is presented repeatedly without the US

23
Q

Learning

A

Means by which organisms adjust to changes in their environment and then retain those adjustments

24
Q

Learned Response

A

Conditioned Response

25
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A

Elicits the response of interest without prior training

26
Q

Unconditioned Response (UR)

A

Happens automatically and naturally

27
Q

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A

Previously neutral, becomes associated with US, triggers CR. It is neutral before conditioning

28
Q

Simultaneous Conditioning

A

CS and US occur at the same time

29
Q

Trace Conditioning

A

Gap between CS and US

30
Q

Stimulus Substitution (Pavlov)

A

Classical conditioning occurred because CS became a substitute for the US by being paired closely together

31
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

Operant conditioning procedure of following a response with delivery of a desired reinforcer

32
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

Response causes an undesired reinforcer to be removed or prevented

33
Q

Escape Conditioning

A

Form of Aversive Conditioning. Aversive stimulus is presented and participant responds by leaving stimulus situation

34
Q

Avoidance Conditioning

A

Subject is taught to avoid punishment

35
Q

Punishment

A

Eliminating operant responses by following them with presenting undesired stimulus or removing desired stimuli

36
Q

Counterconditioning

A

Conditioning of unwanted behavior or response to a stimulus into a wanted behavior or response by association of positive actions with the stimulus

37
Q

John Watson is best described as

A

Concerned with observable behavior as it relates to observable events in the environment

38
Q

In simultaneous conditioning, the CS is presented at the same time as the US

A

Yes

39
Q

In backward conditioning, the CS is presented at the same time as the US

A

No

40
Q

In trace conditioning, was the CS remedied before the US appeared

A

Yes

41
Q

In delayed conditioning, was the CS removed before the US appeared

A

No

Grad School: Human Learning (1 decks)

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