midterm! Flashcards
GIU
- graphic user interface
* one way to operate in an OS
OS
- operating system
- examples: ubuntu, windows, macOS, atom OS, chrome OS, android, iOS
- used for personalizing, hooking up to the internet, and password/username
BASH
- a way of managing systems
- no graphics, just command line
- comes down from unix
kinds of file permissions
- read: allows you to open and read whatever’s in the file (4)
- write: edit the file (2)
- execute: there’s a script that executes on the operating system and you can either allow or disallow that, like actually doing the thing the code allows says (1)
644
- HTML file permission
- 6 is for owner, 4 is for group, 4 is other
- 6 is read + write, 4 is read
- |rw-|r- -|r - -|
755
- HTML file permission
- 7 is for owner (read, write, execute), 5 is read and execute
- | rwx | r - x | r - x
frontpage examples + permission sets
- HTML, CSS, javascript, image files
* 644
only programming language in the front end is:
javascript
markup languages in the front end
- hypertext markup language (HTML)
* cascading style sheets (CSS)
back end
- interacting with the frontend, catching the events.
* things are not stored in the front end, but in the cloud. the backend catches them.
examples of backend programming languages
- PHP, ruby, nojs-75
* needs 755 to execute
FTP
- file transfer protocol
- application that allows you to upload and download files from and to a server
- filezilla
- they is also SFTP (secure)
- port 21 is FTP, 22 is SFTP
terminal commands
- clear = clears everything
- files named “index” are homepages
- touch = create a file
tags not requiring closing
<img></img><hr>
<br></br>
basic HTML sublime set up
iframe
- put a tiny version of another webpage in that webpage
* looks like:
ways to connect CSS and HTML
- external CSS: you have fo have a .css file, then include it in your HTML with a tag
- internal CSS: you have to use a tag
- in-line CSS: you have to use HTML attribute called <tag style=“css code”>cose</tag>
difference between tag and #id
- tag: all elements will be included
* id: only that one element will be included
hexadecimal colors
- rgba
- rgb
- rrggbb
rgb
- red green blue
- deals with light (cmyk deals with print)
- values from 0 - F
- # 000 is black, #FFF is white, #999 is gray
rgba
- rgb goes from 0-255
* a is for alpha, translucency (0-1)
javascript
- scripting language that adds interactivity and behaviors to web pages
- checks form entries for valid entries
- swapping out styles for an element or entire site
- loading scrolling feeds with more content automatically
- building interface widgets, such as embedded video players or special form inputs
DOM
- document object model
* scripting used in relation to javascript
AJAX
• asynchronous javascript and XML
W3C
- world wide web consortium
* founded by tim berners-lee in 1994 at MIT
what is the internet?
• an international network of connected computers
protocols
• standardized methods for transferring data or documents over a network
what is the web?
- originally called world wide web
- one way information can be shared over the internet
- unique in that it allows documents to be linked to one another via hypertext links
- uses protocol called HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)
server
- the software that allows the computer to communicate with other computers
- also called HTTP servers
IP address
• internet protocol address
DNS
- domain name system
* how we refer to servers by their domain name instead of IP address
intranets
- special web-based networks
- created and function like ordinary websites
- use special security devices called firewalls that prevent the outside world from seeing them
extranet
- like an intranet
* but allows access to select users outside of the organization
client
- software that does the requesting from the server
* client-side = frontend
rendering engine
- program responsible for converting HTML and CSS into what you see rendered on a screen
- also called browser engine or layout engine
URL
- uniform resource locator
- every page and resource on the web has one
- subset of URI
HTTPS
• secure form of HTTP
source document
• text file behind the scenes
empty elements
• aka self closing tags
progressive enhancement
• a strategy for coping with unknown browser capabilities
RWD
- responsive web design
* strategy for providing appropriate layouts to devices based on the size of the viewport (browser window)
WAI
- web accessibility initiative
- started by the W3C
- also there is the WAI-ARIA (accessible rich internet applications)
what is SFTP?
- secure file transfer protocol
- an application that allows you to upload and download files to and from a server
- used by filezilla
- in bash, you can type “sftp netID@i6.cims.nyu.edu” to connect our computer to another one on the internet
what does SSH mean? how do you use it?
- secure shell
- used to connect to a remote computer to manage the file system
- the command in bash is “ssh netID@i6.cims.nyu.edu”
- the terminal changes from the local environment to the remote environment
- once we are connected we can use bash commands to navigate and manage the web server’s resources
what is Bash?
- a command line utility that allows us to operate our computer systems
- allows us to connect to other computers over the internet using secure shell (SSH) or to download/upload files using SFTP
what is “cd”?
- a bash command
- “change directory”
- changes directory on the REMOTE system
what is “vim”?
• a simple text editor
• when in vim, we are taken to another user interface, UI, that is composed of two views:
1. insert view (i)
2. command view (esc)
• vim commands include :w to save or write a file to a disk, :q to quit out of vim
what is “cp”?
- bash command
* copy a file
what is “mkdir”?
- bash command
- creates new folder
- mkdir
what is “rm”?
- bash command
- removes or deletes a file
- rm
what is “rmdir”?
- bash command
- deletes a folder
- rmdir
what is “passwd”?
- bash command
* change your password
what is “pwd”?
- bash command
* path of working directory
what is “ls”?
• bash command • list files of a directory • also there is ls -a (which lists all files) or ls -l (long list of files)
how to add a favicon?
• create a .png file using photoshop, 32x32, name it “favicon.png” and save it at the root of your web project folder
• add to tag on index.html file
•
what is a terminal window on mac? why and when do you use it?
- command-line tool
- type Unix commands for setting file permissions, moving or copying files and directories, or managing the server software
- uses a shell program called bash
