Midterm

Question 1

The notion that development is best described in terms of a series of abrupt shifts in behavior best fits with the __________ approach. It

Answer 1

discontinuity

Question 2

Jill believes that memory processes develop the same way for all children. Jill is most likely to support a __________ position regarding human development.

Answer 2

universal

Question 3

Which of these does not constitute a “psychological force”?

Intelligence
Personality
Heredity

Answer 3

Heredity

Question 4

A _____ is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development.

Answer 4

Theory

Question 5

Martha is trying to alter her daughter’s behavior by controlling the consequences of her actions. Martha is practicing __________ ___________.

Answer 5

Operant conditioning

Question 6

Type of research that needs to occur in a real-life setting?

Answer 6

Naturalistic observation

Question 7

threadlike structures in a cell’s nucleus that contain genetic material

Answer 7

Chromosomes

Question 8

maternal characteristic that is most highly correlated with giving birth to a baby with Down syndrome

Answer 8

Maternal age

Question 9

Mary and John are twins. Since John is a boy, his parents encourage him to run. However, they discourage Mary from engaging in all athletic activities. As a result, John is much faster than Mary. The difference between Mary and John’s behavior is best explained _______________ influences.

Answer 9

Non-shared

Question 10

structure through which a mother and her embryo exchange nutrients and waste

Answer 10

Placenta

Question 11

A mother has just learned that her newborn son’s neural tube did not properly close during prenatal development. What has her son been diagnosed with?

Answer 11

Spina bifida

Question 12

When thinking about aspirin, caffeine, cocaine, and nicotine, how many are potential teratogens?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Babies that do not exhibit the Moro reflect will most likely exhibit what problem?

Answer 13

Clinging to mother

Question 14

Pain cries can often be distinguished from basic cries or mad cries by:

Answer 14

Sudden onset

Question 15

Five month old Tyrone currently weighs 20 pounds. How many calories should he be ingesting every day?

Answer 15

1000

Question 16

Where are terminal buttons located on a neuron?

Answer 16

At the end

Question 17

The fact that brain wiring is organized by experiences common to humans is referred to as:

Answer 17

Experience-expectant growth

Question 18

A ‘scheme’, as described by Piaget, is a psychological structurethat:

Answer 18

organizes experience

Question 19

Piaget used this term to describe the difficulty that kids often have in take another person’s perspective

Answer 19

Egocentrism

Question 20

Orienting responses tend to occur to _______ and ________ stimuli.

Answer 20

strong and unfamiliar

Question 21

_________ are the unique sounds that are combined to create spoken words

Answer 21

Phonemes

Question 22

_____________ is when a rule is applied to a word that is actually an exception to the rule

Answer 22

Overregularization

Question 23

Erikson said that _________ in self and others is the foundation of human development.

Answer 23

trust

Question 24

Securely attached infants regularly show a need for _______ ____________when reunited with their caregiver

Answer 24

brief interaction

Question 25

A frown is a __________ manifestation of an emotion.

Answer 25

behavioral

Question 26

While the average 1 ½ -year-old spends the majority of time engaged in cooperative play, the typical 4-year-old spends most of his or her time in _________ _________ play.

Answer 26

simple social

Question 27

Basic acts of altruistic behavior first appear around _____ months of age.

Answer 27

18

Question 28

The major limitation of concrete operational thinking is that it is limited to _________, real life examples

Answer 28

tangible  

Question 29

Working memory can be best described as temporary and ___________ in capacity.

Answer 29

limited

Question 30

Mike is very good at identifying the intentions and motivations of people he meets.  According to Gardner, Mike would most likely score very well on a test of _____ intelligence.

Answer 30

Interpersonal

Question 31

Convergent thinking focuses on generating the most ________ answer

Answer 31

Correct

Question 32

Knowledge-telling and knowledge transforming are types of __________ strategies.

Answer 32

writing

Question 33

According to a systems view of families, how many of the following domains influence a child’s development: school, neighborhood, extended family, religious organizations?

Answer 33

4

Question 34

Children who are aggressive tend to come from families with __________ or authoritarian parenting styles.

Answer 34

uninvolved

Question 35

__________ is the most frequently occurring category of child abuse

Answer 35

Neglect

Question 36

___________ is best described as a negative view of others based on their group membership.

Answer 36

Prejudice

Question 37

When adolescents describe others, they usually try to provide a ___________, integrated account

Answer 37

cohesive

Question 38

In the most advanced stage of Selman's theory, adolescents provide a _________ ___________ perspective on situations and recognize the influence of context on this perspective.

Answer 38

third-person

Question 39

One view is that ______ and prejudice emerge naturally out of children's efforts to understand their social world.

Answer 39

bias

Question 40

Peer pressure is most powerful when standards for appropriate behaviors are _______.

Answer 40

vague