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Aviation weather midterm > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

100

1
Q

Aircraft turbulence is

A

irregular motion of air in flight

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2
Q

The first rule in flying through turbulence is to

A

Fly V(a)

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3
Q

The main natural causes of turbulence are:

A

convective
mechanical turbulence
wind shear

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4
Q

An additional cause of turbulence, found behind and below aircraft producing lift is

A

wake turbulence

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5
Q

What should you do if you suspect turbulence is present during an approach?

A

slightly fast

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6
Q

To avoid turbulence in cumulus clouds you should fly above / through / below the clouds.

A

Above

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7
Q

Turbulence encountered outside of clouds is called

A

clear air turbulence

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8
Q

What do “rotor” clouds indicate?

A

Indicate severe or extreme turbulence at low altitudes due to mountain waves.

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9
Q

T / F To avoid mountain wave turbulence, wait to climb until just before reaching the mountain.

A

F

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10
Q

. Mountains should be over flown by a clearing altitude of

A

3000,5000

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11
Q

T / F Another way to avoid mountain wave turbulence is to fly under it through mountain passes.

A

T

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12
Q

. T / F Mountain valleys may be insulated from peak level winds, so plan accordingly when taking off from a
valley.

A

T

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13
Q

List 2 things you should be prepared for if you suspect wind shear due to a low-level temperature inversion.

A

wind shift

wind shear turbulence

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14
Q

Wake turbulence is caused by

A

lift

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15
Q

List the 3 directions in which wake turbulence moves:

A

down
out
direction of the wind

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16
Q

How long should you wait for wake turbulence to clear?

A

5 min

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17
Q

The cumulative effects of icing on the “four forces” are:

a. Lift
b. Drag
c. Weight
d. Thrust

A

reduced
increased
increased
reduced

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18
Q

Name the 3 types (locations) of icing that can affect the overall performance and systems of an aircraft:

A

induction icing
structural icing
instrument icing

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19
Q

Two conditions that must be present for structural icing in flight are ____ and
______.

A

visible moisture

freezing temps

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20
Q

Three types of structural icing are:

A

Rime
clear
mix

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21
Q

The type of ice that forms when water drops are large, as in cumuliform clouds, is _____________ ice. This
ice is hard and heavy.

A

clear

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22
Q

The main impact of rime ice is

A

reduces lift and increases drag

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23
Q

How does induction icing reduce thrust?

A

clogs up air intakes

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24
Q

List 4 instruments or aircraft systems that may be affected by “instrument icing.”

A

Radio
Air speed indicator
altimeter
vertical speed indicator

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25
Q

T / F Only cumulus clouds have icing potential

A

F

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26
Q

Frost forms near the surface primarily in what type of weather conditions?

A

clear stable air

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27
Q

It takes a _________ amount frost on an aircraft wings to prevent the aircraft from becoming airborne.

A

small

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28
Q

. What should you do if your aircraft does not have anti-icing or de-icing systems?

A

avoid icing

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29
Q

To get out of an icing layer, you should change altitude slowly / rapidly to minimize icing potential

A

Rapidly

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30
Q

If you encounter freezing rain, you should climb / descend to get out of it

A

climb

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31
Q

T / F If you have a buildup of structural icing, you should maneuver the aircraft to try and break it off.

A

F

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32
Q

If you are iced up on approach, fly the approach with ____

A

more power

33
Q

The three conditions required for thunderstorm formation are:

A

unstable air
moisture
kick start

34
Q

The three stages of a thunderstorm cell’s life cycle are:

A

Cumulus
mature
disapating

35
Q

The key feature of the first stage of a thunderstorm cell’s life cycle is ________

A

lift

36
Q

T / F Since the growth rate of the cloud in its first stage is relatively low (sometimes only 3000 fpm),
a climb to cross over the cloud is one recommended technique to avoid its turbulence.

A

F

37
Q

How would a pilot know that a thunderstorm cell was mature?

A

Precipitation

38
Q

Updrafts in a thunderstorm can reach a rate of _______during the ________
stage.

A

6000 fpm

mature

39
Q

T / F A pilot approaching a squall line should plan to very carefully avoid individual cells by flying
between the well-defined cells at VA .

A

F

40
Q

Name the two types of thunderstorms with regard to how they receive their energy.

A

Air mass

steady state

41
Q

Why does a steady state thunderstorm last so much longer than an air mass thunderstorm?

A

being fed

42
Q

Where does the precipitation fall from a steady state thunderstorm?

A

outside the cloud

43
Q

List five hazards thunderstorms present to aircraft in flight.

A 
Squall line
low visibility
lightning
tornado 
microburst
44
Q

The more frequent the lightning, _____

A

worse the storm

45
Q

Frequent flashes playing along a large sector of the horizon suggests a ___

A

Squall line

46
Q

Hazardous turbulence is present in___ thunderstorms.

A

All

47
Q

If caught in the turbulence of a thunderstorm, a pilot should try and maintain constant
_______________ to minimize stress on the aircraft.

A

Attitude

48
Q

Hail has been observed

A

In clear air miles away from storm

49
Q

T / F Rain at the surface or lower altitudes indicates a lack of hail in a thunderstorm.

A

F

50
Q

Hail should be anticipated in __________thunderstorm, especially
_________

A

any

under anvil

51
Q

A pressure change cycle affecting altimeters may occur in as little as _____

A

15 min

52
Q

What is “St. Elmo’s Fire”?

A

low level static discharge

53
Q

Microburst downdrafts can be as strong as ______________________ fpm.

A

6000

54
Q

A microburst near the ground can extend approximately ___________ in diameter.

A

2 1/2 miles

55
Q

Microburst wind shear can be as much as __________ near the surface.

A

90 knots

56
Q

When no rain is present, pilots should be alert to _____________ as an
indication of microburst activity

A

see stuff blowing

57
Q

T / F Multiple microbursts in the same general area are not uncommon and should be expected.

A

T

58
Q

. Microbursts may be _______ if encountered at low altitude.

A

impossible to recover from

59
Q

Name the characteristic that defines the following:

a. Tornado
b. Funnel cloud
c. Water spout

A

touches ground
does not touch down
touches water

60
Q

Tornadoes are more frequently associated with

A

squall lines

61
Q

T / F Although thunderstorms build and dissipate rapidly, they tend to move slowly and a pilot should
use weather radar plan a course between echoes.

A

F

62
Q

Hazardous turbulence may extend __________ from the thunderstorm cloud.

A

20 miles

63
Q

Circumnavigate an area of thunderstorms if the area has ____________ thunderstorm coverage.

A

3/5 or 60%

64
Q

When flying at night in the vicinity of lightning, aircrew should _______

A

turn up cockpit instrument lights

65
Q

Fog is a

A

ground based cloud

66
Q

What makes fog especially hazardous to aviation?

A

forms rapidly

67
Q

A small _________ spread is essential for fog to form.

A

temperature dew point spread

68
Q

Conditions favorable for radiation fog are ___________ skies, ___________ wind, ___________
humidity.

A

clear
no
high

69
Q

Advection fog forms when

A

moist air goes over cold surface

70
Q

Three differences between advection fog and radiation fog are:

A

radiation fog burns off
advection can form under clouds
radiation forms over ground

71
Q

Why is precipitation-induced fog especially critical?

A

other possible hazards

72
Q

True or False: Low stratus clouds and fog frequently exist together.

A

T

73
Q

Haze occurs in Stable / Unstable air.

A

stable

74
Q

True or False: Haze layers often have definite tops above which the visibility is good.

A

True

75
Q

Fog evaporates, but haze or smoke must be dispersed by

A

wind

76
Q

Ceilings are defined as the height of the __________

above ______.

A

Base of cloud

ground

77
Q

What is the difference between a cloud ceiling and an obscured ceiling?

A

good visibility below

78
Q

The single cause of the greatest number of general aviation fatalities is

A

VFR in IMC

Aviation weather midterm (1 decks)

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