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Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

weather

A

current state of the atmosphere

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2
Q

climate

A

long term average of weather (30 yrs)

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3
Q

wind

A

movement of air (speed and direction)

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4
Q

pressure

A

force/area

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5
Q

density

A

mass of air molecules/volume

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6
Q

temperature

A

degree of hotness or coldness

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7
Q

atmospheric composition (3 major gases)

A

78 - N2
21 - O2
1 - other

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8
Q

permanent gasses

A

concentration does not change

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9
Q

eg of permanent gases

A

N2 (creation: decaying bio matter, removal: bio processes)
O2 (creation: photosynthesis, removal: oxides)
Argon, Neon, Helium, Krypton, Hydrogen

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10
Q

variable gases

A

concentration changes over time and space

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11
Q

eg of variable gases

A

CO2 (creation: veg decay, volcanoes, deforestation, removal: photosyntheses, chemical weathering, oceans)
methane, ozone, CFCs, aerosols, water vapour, greenhouse gases

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12
Q

greenhouse gases

A 
CO2
H2O vapour
CH4
N2O
CFC's
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13
Q

aerosols defintion

A

tiny particles (s or L) suspended in the air

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14
Q

aerosol sources

A

natural: volcanoes, fires, dust
human: fossil fuel consumption

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15
Q

temperature profile (high to low)

A 
exosphere
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
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16
Q

troposphere

A

lowest 11km
temp decrease with height
convection current (weather)

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17
Q

stratosphere

A

11-50 km ASL
temp increases with height
contains O3
suppresses upward movement from troposphere

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18
Q

O3 what it do

A

absorbs UV radiation from sun
warms stratosphere
creates inversion

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19
Q

mesosphere

A

50-90 km ASL
99.9% of air is below it
no UV absorption (little O3)
temp decreases with height

20
Q

thermosphere

A

90-500 km
O2 absorb sunlight
temp increases with height increase
huge E input, very energetic molecules

21
Q

exosphere

A

more than 500 km

22
Q

density equation

A

density = mass / volume

23
Q

pressure equation

A

P = force / area

24
Q

energy definition

A

ability or capacity to do work

25
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

temp of air is proportional to kinetic energy

26
Q

potential energy

A

potential to conduct work (because of position)

27
Q

radiant energy

A

due to solar radiation with warms earth and emits energy back to space

28
Q

solar radiation vs energy

A

short wave vs long wave

29
Q

heat is transferred in 3 ways

A

conduction
convection
radiation

30
Q

conduction

A

heat transfer thru direct contact

31
Q

convection

A

heat transfer by mass movement of a fluid (eg air or water)

32
Q

radiation

A

heat transfer by electromagnetic waves (magnetic and electrical properties) release E when waves are absorbed by an object

33
Q

convection vs advection

A

vertical vs horizonal

34
Q

short wave vs long wave energy

A

high vs low

35
Q

objects with a temp above ___ emit radiation

A

0K

36
Q

black body radiation

A

absorbs all radiation and emits max radiation (sun and earth)

37
Q

Stefan-Boltzman Law

A

law of radiation
all objects with T greater than 0K emit radiation proportional to the fourth power of their temperature

E=oT^4

38
Q

Wien’s Law

A

the wavelength of maz emitted radiation by an object is inversly proportional to the objects temp (higher T, shorter wavelength)

Lambda=W/T

39
Q

radiative equilibrium

A

if the T is constant over time, the object is at equilibrium, and temp is called equilibrium temp

earth is in radiative equilibrium

40
Q

how to find radiative equilibrium temp of earth WITHOUT atmosphere

A

use stefan-boltzman

-earth would be frozen without atmosphere

41
Q

how to find radiative equilibrium temp of earth WITH atmosphere

A

some LW radiation escapes, some absorbed by the clouds and remitted - greenhouse effect

42
Q

greenhouse effects

A

warming of atmosphere by absorbing and emitting thermal radiations

major ones: water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane

43
Q

atmosphere

A

selective absorber of radiation. each are selective in wavelengths of radiation they absorb

44
Q

water vapour and CO2 absorb and don’t absorb what waves

A

absorb most LW IR

do not absorb most incoming SW (UV and visible)

45
Q

O3 absorb and don’t absorb what waves

A

absorb

Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (1 decks)

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