Midterm Flashcards
(93 cards)
What is nosologies?
The efforts to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories
What is stigma in this context?
A cluster of negative attitudes & beliefs which motivates fear, rejection, avoidance, & discrimination with respect to people with mental illnesses
What is competence?
the ability to successfully adapt in the environment
What is developmental competence?
A child’s ability to use internal & external resources to achieve successful adaptation
What are developmental tasks?
Broad domains of competence such as conduct, & academic achievement, tell how children typically progress within each domain as they grow
What is a developmental pathway?
The sequence & timing of particular behaviors & possible relationships between behaviors over time
What is multifinality?
The concept that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings
What is equifinality?
The concept that similar outcomes stem from different early experiences & developmental pathways
What is a protective factor?
A personal or situational variable that reduces the chances for a child to develop a disorder
Internalizing problems:
include anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, & withdrawn behaviors
Externalizing problems:
Encompass more acting-out behaviors (ex: aggression & delinquent behaviors)
What are the protective triad resources & health-promoting events that are connected to a resilient child?
- individual opportunities
- close family ties
- opportunities for indv. & family support from community resources
What does defining a psychological disorder involve?
Agreement about particular patterns of behavioral, cognitive, & physical symptoms shown by an individual
What is resiliency?
the ability to avoid negative outcomes despite being at risk for psychopathology
What is a risk factor?
variable that precedes a negative outcome of interest & increases the chances that the outcome will occur
What is the study of the causes of childhood disorders?
etiology
What is developmental psychopathology?
- An approach to describing & studying disorders of childhood, adolescence, & beyond in a manner that emphasizes the importance of developmental processes & tasks.
- It also emphasizes the role of developmental processes, the importance of context, & the influence of multiple interactions in shaping adaptive/maladaptive dev.
Interdependent:
how the child & the environment influence eachother
What is a transaction?
The dynamic interaction between a child & the environment
What is continuity?
implies that developmental changes are gradual & quantitative (ex: height & weight) & that future behavior patterns can be predicted from earlier patterns
What is discontinuity?
Developmental changes are abrupt & qualitative (ex: changes in mood or expression) & that future behavior is poorly predicted by earlier patterns
Developmental cascades:
the process a child’s previous interactions & experiences may spread across other systems & alter his/her course of development (like a chain reaction)
What is adaptational failure?
failure to master or progress in accomplishments of dev. milestones
What is organization of development?
early patterns of adaptation, (ex: infant eye contact), evolve with structure over time & transform into higher-order functions such as speech & language