Midterm Flashcards
steps of writing a paper
- define the purpose
- explain to the audience what the paper is about
- topic
- narrow down
- write a working thesis (controlling idea)
- brainstorm
- write a working outline
- write the rough draft
- revise the rough draft
- write the final draft
- proofread
the purpose of the introduction
- gets their attention
- tell what the paper is about
- intro needs to present your thesis
do not announce what the paper is about
purpose of topic sentences
- supports the thesis
- controls the content
- lets the reader know what the paragraph is about
do not repeat your introduction
do not bring up new material
what are the time orders
- chronological order
- spatial order
- progressive order
purpose of conclusion
- look to the future
- do not preach or use you
- offer encouragement
- offer a solution
purpose of transitions
- holds the paper together
- let the reader know the writer is getting to ready to bring in new material
goal of an essay
communication
characteristics of a good writer
honest - the reader trusts you
clear-
brief-
variety-
length of an essay
500-800 words
do not count the words _ or _
a or an
each essay should have _ paragraphs
5 paragraphs (introduction, three body paragraphs, conclusion)
things to avoid in writing
second person, sentence fragments, contractions,slang, cliche
tone should be
neutral/serious
attitude of the writer
tone
word choice is called
diction
guidelines to academic writing
- 500-800 words
- do not count the words a or an
- each essay should have 5 paragraphs
- avoid second person, sentence fragments, contractions, slang, and cliche
- tone should be neutral/serious
- tone is the attitude of the writer
4 common errors
comma splices, sentence fragments, run on sentences, misused commas
rhetoric
using language effectively
4 categories of rhetoric
- narration
- description
- argumentation/persuasion
- exposition
7 modes
exemplification process analysis comparison/contrast classification/ division cause and effect defintion analogy
exemplification is written in
progressive order (least important-most important)
4 functions of examples
offer support
clarify
interest
persuade
guidelines for choosing examples
- should always be simple and easy to understand
- reader should be able to relate
- example needs to support the thesis
- should be arranged so they hold the reader’s attention
- do not generalize, be very specific
- hypothetical
the writer’s points
a plan of proof
a plan of development
an essay map
do not say first and for most
**
do not say last but not least
*
process analysis paper
- how something is done
- how it works
- how something happens
- in third person
- 2 paragraphs for intro (list the items the reader will need in the second intro paragraph)
- chronological order
- conclusion- suggest related process, advantages , offer encouragement
importance of chronological order in process analysis paper
- keep the steps in order
- do not leave steps out
- explain the step fully
- warn the reader
a general word that describe’s writers attitude towards their subject matter and audience
tone
avoid these tones
invective sarcasm irony flippancy or cuteness sentimentally preachiness pomposity
invective
unrestrained anger , violent accusation
sarcasm
bitter, derisive remarks
irony
figure of speech whereby the writer or speaker says the opposite of what is meant
flippancy or cuteness
too flip, hip
sentimentality
show of cheap emotions
preachiness
lecturing the reader
pomposity
sound natural; don’t try to sound scientific or professional
diction is
word choice
writing guidelines
- use an appropriate level of diction
- use words with appropriate connotation
- avoid colloquial language
- use specific diction
- use simple diction
- use gender-nutrual, inoffensive language
- eliminate wordiness
- avoid cliches
narration
is a story
in time order
told by a narrator
a reason why you want to tell
give an example of a narration
why the right choice hurts more?
two weeks too late
give an example of an exemplification
the best do more
give an example of a process analysis
key lime pie recipe
how to survive with horses
euphemism
substitution for unpleasant thing
passed away instead of died
bafflegab
unclear language
gobbledygook
jargon
language used in a particular professional area
doublespeak
to deceive the reader
unclear on purpose
