Midterm Flashcards
computational level
specifies problem (What is the goal of the computation, why is it appropriate?)
algorithmic level
specifies way the problem is solved (“How can this computational theory be implemented? What is the representation for the input and output?)
implementational level
specifies the medium or physical substrate in which the problem-solving procedure is executed
Substance dualism
Descartes: two substances: physical (ordinary matter) and mental (nonphysical)
Popular: “ghost in the machine” minds inside body
Property dualism
No substance beyond brain, brain has special set of properties possessed by no other physical object
logical/philosophical behaviorism
attributing a mental state to an organism is the same as saying that the organism is disposed to behave a particular way - if/then statement
Golgi
discovered silver staining method that revealing cell body and projections of neuron
Ramon y cajal
used the golgi technique to show that neurons do not touch
Galvani
showed the neuronal signaling was electric
prosencephalon
forebrain
mesencephalon
midbrain
rhombencephalon
hindbrain
three major groups of neurons
sensory, motor, interneuronal
Cellular connectionism
Neurons are arranged into functional groups and connect to each other in a precise fashion - signal one another through all-or-none impulses
spike train
series of action potentials from a neuron taken as a time series, sometimes referred to as temporal coding
Spinal cord
portion through which sensory neurons relay info on the way to the brain and through which motor commons from brain are sent to muscles
Medulla
Controls many vital functions are reflexes, home to reticular activating system
cerebellum
brain region important for regulation of muscle tone and guidance of motor activity
pons
acts as main connective bridge from rest of brain to cerebellum, site of superior olive - points through which auditory is relayed from ear to brain
midbrain
contains inferior colliculus (sound localization) and superior (orients stimuli in visual)
hypothalamus
Homeostasis
thalamus
large relay center for almost all sensory info coming in to cortex and almost all motor info leaving - contains LGN, where signals are organized on their way to brain so color and light intensity info are segregated
fight-or-flight
basal ganglia
motor control
limbic system
emotion regulation
structures: amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex (selection of actions), anterior thalamus, mammilary body and hippocampus (memory)
cerebral cortex
object recognition, spatial cognition, attention
central cerebral cortex
front: motor processing
behind: sensory
sylvian cerebral cortex
area below is temporal lobe, involved in memory, emotion, auditory processing
longitudinal cerebral cortex
separates right hemisphere from left
frontal lobe
future action and control of movement
parietal lobe
tactile sensation and body image
temporal lobe
hearing, learning, memory, emotion
occipital lobe
vision
sclera
white of the eye, outer layer, makes up 5/6 of connective tissue of globe
choroid
middle, vascular coat of eye, between sclera and retina
ciliary body
opens and closes iris, controls amount of light entering eye
aqueous humor
fluid derived from blood, fills space behind cornea and removes waste from cornea and lens
geniculostriate pathway
projects through the LGN in thalamus and to V1 in occipital lobe - color vision
Tectopulvinar pathway
relays from eyes to superior colliculus to thalamus reaching visual areas in temporal and parietal; detection of light and spatial orientation
dorsal stream
occipito-parietal (action) “where” or “how to”
ventral stream
occipito-temporal (identification) “what” stream
