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Cognitive Science > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

computational level

A

specifies problem (What is the goal of the computation, why is it appropriate?)

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2
Q

algorithmic level

A

specifies way the problem is solved (“How can this computational theory be implemented? What is the representation for the input and output?)

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3
Q

implementational level

A

specifies the medium or physical substrate in which the problem-solving procedure is executed

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4
Q

Substance dualism

A

Descartes: two substances: physical (ordinary matter) and mental (nonphysical)

Popular: “ghost in the machine” minds inside body

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5
Q

Property dualism

A

No substance beyond brain, brain has special set of properties possessed by no other physical object

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6
Q

logical/philosophical behaviorism

A

attributing a mental state to an organism is the same as saying that the organism is disposed to behave a particular way - if/then statement

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7
Q

Golgi

A

discovered silver staining method that revealing cell body and projections of neuron

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8
Q

Ramon y cajal

A

used the golgi technique to show that neurons do not touch

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9
Q

Galvani

A

showed the neuronal signaling was electric

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10
Q

prosencephalon

A

forebrain

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11
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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12
Q

rhombencephalon

A

hindbrain

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13
Q

three major groups of neurons

A

sensory, motor, interneuronal

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14
Q

Cellular connectionism

A

Neurons are arranged into functional groups and connect to each other in a precise fashion - signal one another through all-or-none impulses

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15
Q

spike train

A

series of action potentials from a neuron taken as a time series, sometimes referred to as temporal coding

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16
Q

Spinal cord

A

portion through which sensory neurons relay info on the way to the brain and through which motor commons from brain are sent to muscles

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17
Q

Medulla

A

Controls many vital functions are reflexes, home to reticular activating system

18
Q

cerebellum

A

brain region important for regulation of muscle tone and guidance of motor activity

19
Q

pons

A

acts as main connective bridge from rest of brain to cerebellum, site of superior olive - points through which auditory is relayed from ear to brain

20
Q

midbrain

A

contains inferior colliculus (sound localization) and superior (orients stimuli in visual)

21
Q

hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis

22
Q

thalamus

A

large relay center for almost all sensory info coming in to cortex and almost all motor info leaving - contains LGN, where signals are organized on their way to brain so color and light intensity info are segregated

fight-or-flight

23
Q

basal ganglia

A

motor control

24
Q

limbic system

A

emotion regulation
structures: amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex (selection of actions), anterior thalamus, mammilary body and hippocampus (memory)

25
Q

cerebral cortex

A

object recognition, spatial cognition, attention

26
Q

central cerebral cortex

A

front: motor processing
behind: sensory

27
Q

sylvian cerebral cortex

A

area below is temporal lobe, involved in memory, emotion, auditory processing

28
Q

longitudinal cerebral cortex

A

separates right hemisphere from left

29
Q

frontal lobe

A

future action and control of movement

30
Q

parietal lobe

A

tactile sensation and body image

31
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, learning, memory, emotion

32
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

33
Q

sclera

A

white of the eye, outer layer, makes up 5/6 of connective tissue of globe

34
Q

choroid

A

middle, vascular coat of eye, between sclera and retina

35
Q

ciliary body

A

opens and closes iris, controls amount of light entering eye

36
Q

aqueous humor

A

fluid derived from blood, fills space behind cornea and removes waste from cornea and lens

37
Q

geniculostriate pathway

A

projects through the LGN in thalamus and to V1 in occipital lobe - color vision

38
Q

Tectopulvinar pathway

A

relays from eyes to superior colliculus to thalamus reaching visual areas in temporal and parietal; detection of light and spatial orientation

39
Q

dorsal stream

A

occipito-parietal (action) “where” or “how to”

40
Q

ventral stream

A

occipito-temporal (identification) “what” stream

Cognitive Science (1 decks)

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