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Fashion and Society > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Society as a system. Each part performs a function to keep society safe.

A

Functionalism

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2
Q

Social cohesion. When cohesion is disturbed, society responds by either adapting or reinforcing structure.

A

Functionalism

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3
Q

Society is made up of two groups: those who have power and those who don’t.

A

Conflict Theory

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4
Q

Dialectical relations.

A

Conflict Theory

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5
Q

Hierarchy is always present. Structural inequality is always present.

A

Conflict Theory

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6
Q

Social change is revolutionary, not evolutionary.

A

Conflict Theory

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7
Q

Society not ruled by structure, but is reconstituted each time individuals interact with each other.

A

Symbolic Interactionism

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8
Q

Symbolic communication: interactions consider body language, appearance and environment, not just words and actions.

A

Symbolic Interactionism

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9
Q

Social Objects

A

Concepts that gain meaning through ritual. Symbolic Interactionism

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10
Q

Symbolic Interactionism: Self

A

Self concept is shaped by interaction with others.

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11
Q

Extension of Conflict Theory: Power in our society is based on gender.

A

Feminist Theory

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12
Q

Aims to expose the abuses and reality of a male-dominated society.

A

Feminist Theory

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13
Q

Critique of patriarchy

A

Feminist Theory

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14
Q

Consciousness-raising

A

Feminist Theory

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15
Q

Intersectionality

A

Feminist Theory

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16
Q

Critique of heteronormativity

A

Queer Theory

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17
Q

Identities are not fixed. Rejects binaries.

A

Queer Theory

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18
Q

Non-dialectical

A

Queer Theory

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19
Q

Using negative part of identity as part of your public and personal identity.

A

Queer Theory

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20
Q

The ‘Other’

A

Post-Colonial Theory

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21
Q

Non-european cultures: how they respond and resist Westernization

A

Post-Colonial Theory

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22
Q

Cultural Hybridity

A

Reality of post-colonial people. Can never fully identify with one nationality or culture because they’re othered.

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23
Q

Identity is formed by external influences.

A

Macro Approaches

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24
Q

People absorb traits from their surroundings.

A

Macro Approaches

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25
Q

Becoming human is not a biological process, it is a process of socialization.

A

Macro Approaches

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26
Q

Innate identity. People create their identity through interactions in society.

A

Micro Approaches

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27
Q

Norms and values exist to be interpreted, modified or rejected by the individual.

A

Micro Approaches

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28
Q

Status one works for/wants.

A

Achieved Status

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29
Q

Unwanted or involuntary social status.

A

Ascribed Status

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30
Q

Primary or dominant identity in society.

A

Master Status

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31
Q

People play their roles as given. Society determines the role and the individual conforms to the responsibilities.

A

Role Taking

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32
Q

Don’t take roles as given, but creatively adapt the role to their preferences and circumstances.

A

Role Makers

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33
Q

Tensions between the responsibilities or traits of two or more statuses.

A

Role Conflict

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34
Q

Tensions connected to a single status.

A

Role Strain

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35
Q

The processes one undergoes to leave a role.

A

Role Exit

36
Q

Class Identification System: Asking others about a persons class.

A

Reputations Method

37
Q

Class Identification System:

Asking someone about their own class.

A

Subjective Method

38
Q

Class Identification System:

Facts and measurement

A

Objective method

39
Q

Inequality is compared to ability to change social position

A

Great Gatsby Curve

40
Q

Second nature. Bodily. We learn this from our families, peer groups and social class. Largely invisible to those within the same class.

A

Habitus

41
Q

You become what other people define you as.

A

Labelling Theory

42
Q

Identity is a product of society. Socialization = consensus.

A

Structural Functionalism

43
Q

Social order creates unity and common culture.

A

Functionalism

44
Q

False consciousness. Socialization isn’t consensual. It is brainwashing.

A

Conflict Theory

45
Q

You aren’t born as the norm, it’s a constant fight to fit in. Society expects us to conform.

A

Conflict Theory

46
Q

People pick and chose values and norms. People reject what the media says is best.

A

Symbolic Interactionism

47
Q

Material, social and spiritual self.

A

The Unified Self, William James

48
Q

When the body physically undergoes radical change, the sense of self is altered.

A

The Unified Self, William James

49
Q

Focus on the social self. Self-image is a result of how others see us. No inner-core personality, instead a reactive/responsive perception of external forces.

A

Looking Glass Self, Horton Cooley

50
Q

I and Me. Socialization process creates a two-sided self (individual and social). Symbolic Interactionism

A

The Social Self, George H. Mead

51
Q

All “me”. There is no “I”. Self-presentation as dramaturgy: front stage and backstage. Neither are genuine, both performative. Symbolic Interactionism.

A

Self-Presentation, Erving Goffman

52
Q

In modern societies, we have choices: freedom to the individual.

A

The Reflective Self, Anthony Giddens

53
Q

Creation and reproduction of social systems

A

Structuration

54
Q

Dress needs the body as the body needs dress. Person cannot be human without dress, dress has no meaning off of the body.

A

Dress and the Embodied Self, Entwistle

55
Q

To be social means control over the body. First nature is the untutored body, second is the controlled body.

A

Body and Second Nature, Nobert Elias

56
Q

Power is expressed in the ability to control or have power over the body. Internal control vs external control. Submitting to biopower makes us docile and powerless.

A

Power Relations and the Body, Michel Foucault

57
Q

Society policing the control we have over our bodies through laws. We accept this as helpful or good.

A

Biopower

58
Q

Fashion as a bridge between individual and group. Fashion to unify and to separate. Fashion manages dialectical opposites. Fashion as a way to resocialize the asocial. Functionalist.

A

Fashion as Social Coehsion, Georg Simmel

59
Q

Fashion can be right or rude, not right or wrong- not a question of morality. Fashion is ritualistic. Functionalist.

A

Fashion as Collective Action, Kimball Young

60
Q

People come to know themselves by comparing themselves to others. Symbolic Interactionism.

A

Social Comparison Theory, Leon Fastinger

61
Q

Influence of others affects social behaviour. Influence depends on strength, number and proximity. Symbolic Interactionism.

A

Social Impact Theory, Latané

62
Q

Class helps society to function. People are rewarded for what they contribute to society. Structural Functionalism.

A

David Moore Thesis

63
Q

In capitalism, the way to show status is conspicuous consumption. Conspicuous waste also displays status. Conspicuous leisure: displaying a lack of productivity. Novelty.

A

Fashion as Conspicuous Consumption, Veblen

64
Q

Type of luxury goods for which the quantity demanded increases as the price increases. A good that resists the fashion cycle by being highly priced and scarce.

A

Veblen Good

65
Q

Hegemony of institutions that enforce the status quo. False sense of power and control. People buying into their own oppression. Conflict theory.

A

Fashion as Cultural Hegemony, Gramsci

66
Q

Taste as socially constructed practices that are established by those in power.

A

Fashion as Distinction, Bourdieu

67
Q

Gender as a means to organize and integrate societal structures. Two roles: instrumental (male) and expressive (female).

A

Gender Complimentary, Falcott Parsons

68
Q

Sexuality is regulated because it is related to reproduction. Family is the primary social structure.

A

Gender Complimentary, Falcott Parsons

69
Q

Gender is a historical situation rather than a natural fact. The body is only known through gendered appearance. The performance of gender renders social laws explicit.

A

Butler

70
Q

The category of women is socially constructed in such a way that to be a woman , by definition, is to be in an oppressed situation.

A

Butler

71
Q

Clothing for men (post-estate system and post-Industrial Revolution) no longer has the function of displaying social rank; male conspicuous consumption not longer valued. Functionalist.

A

The Great Male Renunciation, Flugel

72
Q

Women remain at home, do not progress in their social standing; wealth and social status continue to be made visible through dress.

A

The Great Male Renunciation, Flugel

73
Q

Hierarchal, utility and seduction principles. Functionalist.

A

Seduction Principle, Laver

74
Q

Purpose of women’s dress is to make them more attractive and seductive. Men’s dress expresses their achievement. Functionalist.

A

Seduction Principle, Laver

75
Q

Gender structure created a culture that blames victims of rape and normalizes male sexual violence. Conflict and feminist theory.

A

Rape Culture, Herman

76
Q

Rape is not a sexual crime, but one of aggression. Conflict and feminist theory.

A

Rape Culture, Herman

77
Q

How being surveilled shapes our behaviour. Man is looking, woman is being looked at. Conflict and feminist theory.

A

Male Gaze, Mulvey

78
Q

Women’s bodies are products or associated with products. Conflict and feminist theory.

A

Male Gaze, Mulvey

79
Q

Gender is performed, not innate. Communicated through appearance and behaviour. Symbolic interactionism.

A

Doing Gender, West & Zimmerman

80
Q

Gender is a required identificatory display. Symbolic interactionism.

A

Doing Gender, West & Zimmerman

81
Q

Media is taken for granted for offering true representations of gender. Symbolic interactionism.

A

Gender Advertisements, Goffman

82
Q

Media displays ritualized behaviours: family, feminine touch, licensed withdrawal, ritualization of subordination. Symbolic interactionism.

A

Gender Advertisements, Goffman

83
Q

Could not have happened earlier than it did; women required a certain amount of social and political power.

A

Power Dressing, Entwistle

84
Q

Not a statement about gender, but about female competency. Not subordinate anymore.

A

Power Dressing, Entwistle

85
Q

All fashion is sexual in origin in the modern world.

A

Queer Theory

86
Q

Restrictive womenswear in modern history was empowering and a form of control.

A

Queer Theory

87
Q

Uses preexisting code that is only understood by others in the same group. Focus on details in dress and mastery of appearance. Casual elegance, not conspicuous consumption.

A

Dandyism, Barthes

Fashion and Society (1 decks)

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