Midterm

Question 1

Artists and artwork used to dispel stereotypes

Answer 1

Frederick Douglass - Pictures and Progress
The Danger of A Single Story - Ngozi Adichie
I’ve always wanted to be an Indian - James Luna

Question 2

Artists and artwork used to illustrate stereotypes

Answer 2

Polygenism - louis agassiz
Samuel R. Wells, New Physiognomy,
The Irish declaration of independence -Frederick Burr Opper

Question 3

Emily Style Mirror Window Theory

Answer 3

the need for curriculum to function both as window and as mirror, in order to reflect and reveal most accurately both a multicultural world and the student herself or himself.

Question 4

Klughorn and Murray, Definition of Diversity

Answer 4

The combinations of ways in which each of us is…like all others, like some others, and like no other.

Question 5

Hapa

Answer 5

Kip Fulbeck

Question 6

Cemi/Zemi

Answer 6

A Cemi is a Taino concept which relates to or embodies a deity, or ancestral spirit, and/or a sculptural object that houses the spirit
Zemi Dominican Republic, wood, bone, cotton, shell, glass

Question 7

Mestizaje

Answer 7

a framework to understand the rich mixing of ethnicities that produces many art •objects in the history of Latin American art; miscegenation, mix, shares roots with “mestizo”

Question 8

Andean Symbolic Language

Answer 8

In Andean spatial symbolism, the diagonal descending from the sun marks the basic line of power and authority dividing upper from lower, male from female, dominant from subordinate. left side is better than right

Question 9

Autoethnography

Answer 9

text in which people undertake to describe them selves in ways that engage with representations others have made of them.

Question 10

Bourbon Reforms

Answer 10

Effort to reform and renovate Spanish empire; work and dress codes and castas enforced

Question 11

Cedulas de Gracias al Sacar

Answer 11

these were certificates that “cleansed” people of impure blood by providing them with documentation that would allow a person’s racial status and casta designation to change

Question 12

The Virginia Company

Answer 12

The Virginia Company starts (joint stock co., investors) – 1606: James I grants Virginia Company royal charterBusiness plan – find profitable raw materials to sell and repay investors/make money (Tobacco)Starvation, deaths, and killings by Native Americans in 1622 cause anxiety / by 1624 – King claims Virginia colony under his control / Virginia Co. done

Question 13

Attitudinizing

Answer 13

White Americans perceive Indians through the assumptions of white culture

Question 14

Manifest Destiny

Answer 14

the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Question 15

American Indian Movement Africanisms

Answer 15

characteristics of African culture that can be traced through social practices and institutions of the African Diaspora•cultural retention of African ancestry•5000 years of metallurgic tradition from African nations in US for example; akan drum

Question 16

Africanized spatial language

Answer 16

to some white observers these buildings were too small and thus seemed uncomfortably crowded. This is because when English rules of measure were employed, room sizes were generally in range of 264 square feet (16 feet x 16 feet). In West African buildings rooms are considerably smaller being, on average, closer to 100 square feet (10 feet x 10 feet)The Afro-Carolinian average room size, based on a sample of excavated foundations, was 120 square feet (approximately 11 feet x 11 feet). These proportions suggest that enslaved people continued to employ a sense of proportion that recalled the traditional house types found all along the Guinea Coast region from Sierra Leone to Cameroon.

Question 17

Caucasian

Answer 17

“Caucasian variety—I have taken the name of this variety from Mount Caucasus, both because its neighborhood, and especially its southern slope, produces the most beautiful race of men, I mean the Georgian; and because all physiological reasons converge to this, that in that region, if anywhere, it seems we ought with the greatest probability to place the autochthones (original members) of mankind.”–Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, 1795

Question 18

Scientific Racism

Answer 18

white superiority rationalized through pseudo-sciences such as Phrenology, Physiognomy, Craniology, Eugenics

Question 19

Manzanar

Answer 19

Toyo Miyatake, Dorthea Lange, Ansel Adans

Question 20

Executive Order 9066

Answer 20

0 weeks after Pearl Harbor – FDR signs Executive Order 9066Authorizes the removal of any or all people from military areas “as deemed necessary or desirable.” entire West Coast is military area; majority of Japanese Americans live thereBy June, more than 110,000 Japanese Americans or Americans of Japanese descent are relocated to remote internment camps built by the U.S. military

Question 21

Daguerreotype

Answer 21

the first practical form of photography, made public in 1839 by Louis J. M. Daguerre of France. This one-of-a-kind photographic image was produced on a sheet of silver-plated copper, polished to a mirror-like brilliance. It was sensitized over iodine vapor, exposed in the camera, and developed with mercury vapor. Although prized for its finely detailed image, the daguerreotype has an exceptionally fragile surface

Question 22

American Identity Examples

Answer 22

Horace Pipin

Question 23

Horace Pipin

Answer 23

American entry into the First World War offered African Americans the opportunity to prove that they merited full equality by their willingness to fight for their country. This opportunity struck fear into the hearts of many white Americans, however, who in their fear of trained, armed black men and determination to preserve racial inequality and segregation, sought to prevent African American men from serving in combat. Consequently, most African American soldiers entered the noncombatant Services of Supply.
END OF THE WAR STARTING HOME

Question 24

American Identity Examples

Answer 24

Horace Pipin End of the War Starting Home

Michi Itami The Irony of being an American

Question 25

Michi Itami

Answer 25

the irony of being american, 3 images of her dad 1 in traditional japenese attire, 2 in a business suit, 3 in american combat uniform

Question 26

American Identity Examples

Answer 26

Horace Pipin End of the War Starting Home
Michi Itami The Irony of being an American
Marie Moran Identity and Capitalism

Question 27

Marie Moran

Answer 27

legal, personal, social concept of indetity

Question 28

Michi Itami

Answer 28

the irony of being american, 3 images of her dad 1 in traditional Japanese attire, 2 in a business suit, 3 in american combat uniform

Question 29

Marie Moran

Answer 29

legal, personal, social concept of identity