Midterm

Question 1

The environment includes

Answer 1

Chemical, biological, and physical agents

Question 2

Which of the following outcomes is not usually associated with world populations?

Answer 2

Prosperity

Question 3

The environment plays a role in human health through associations with

Answer 3

Acute conditions, allergic responses, disability, and chronic disease (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Question 4

The estimated global burden of disease (percent) linked to environmental sources is

Answer 4

25% to 33%

Question 5

Environmental risk translation is most likely to be characterized by

Answer 5

Control of household risks and creation of a new set of problems

Question 6

Currently, the number of years required for the world’s population to double is approximately

Answer 6

43 years

Question 7

The natural population replacement fertility rate in the U.S. is estimated to be

Answer 7

2.1 births per woman

Question 8

The epidemiologic risk transition is characterized by a

Answer 8

Growing burden of chronic, degenerative diseases

Question 9

Stage 1 of the demographic transition demonstrates

Answer 9

Fertility and mortality rates are high

Question 10

Stage 2 of the demographic transition demonstrates

Answer 10

Drop in mortality rates, high fertility rates

Question 11

Stage 3 of the demographic transition demonstrates

Answer 11

Dropping fertility rates; more even age and sex distributions

Question 12

The effects of rapid growth of the world’s population includes

Answer 12

Urbanization, Overtaxing carrying capacity, Food insecurity, and loss of biodiversity (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Question 13

Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by

Answer 13

Physical factors, biological factors, social factors, psychosocial factors (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Question 14

Which of the following statements is untrue about ecosystems?

Answer 14

Human beings are not considered to be part of ecosystems

Question 15

The author of On Airs, Waters, and Places was

Answer 15

Hippocrates

Question 16

On Airs, Waters, and Places was significant because it

Answer 16

Emphasized the role of the environment in people’s health

Question 17

The contributions of epidemiology to environmental health include

Answer 17

Concern with populations, use of observational data, methodology for study designs, and descriptive and analytic studies (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Question 18

Environmental health science is concerned with agent, host, and environmental factors in disease (the epidemiologic triangle). What statement below is true about the triangle ?

Answer 18

Agent factors can include particles, toxic chemicals, and pesticides, The environment is the domain in which disease-causing agents may exist, the host is the person who affords lodgment of an infectious agent, disease causality includes three major factors: agent, host, and environment (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Question 19

John Snow, in Snow on Cholera

Answer 19

Was an English anesthesiologist who used natural experiments

Question 20

Sir Percival Pott, who wrote Chirurgical Observations Relative to

Answer 20

Was a London surgeon who identified environmental cause of cancer

Question 21

Which of the following activities characterizes the epidemiologic approach (as opposed to the clinical approach)?

Answer 21

Study of occurrence in populations

Question 22

The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by

Answer 22

The incidence rate for that disease in a given period of time

Question 23

Prevalence measures aid in

Answer 23

A) Assessing variations in disease occurrence
B) The development of hypothesis
D) Describing the scope of health problems