Midterm

Question 1

What is Orientalism?

Answer 1

A deconstruction/explanation of the way in which the East is represented by the West and the function it serves.

Question 2

How is the West represented?

Answer 2

It is constructed by modernity, and is rational, logical, etc.

Question 3

How is the East represented?

Answer 3

As the West’s mirror image. All of the characteristics that are not Western, modern, etc., are portrayed upon the East. It becomes primitive, backwards, undeveloped, child-like (vs mature), feminine (vs masculine)

Question 4

“Essentialized” representation?

Answer 4

No room for diversity in Arab culture or identity (all Arabs are like this).

Question 5

“Static” representation?

Answer 5

There is no possibility for movement within this image: they can’t change.

Question 6

Aspects which are secretly or subjectively a part of Oriental culture, but which are not visible.

Answer 6

Latent Orientalism

Question 7

Visible, overt features of a culture. (Clothing, architectural, calligraphy, etc.)

Answer 7

Manifest Orientalism

Question 8

What is the shift in representation for Arab men?

Answer 8

1. Arab men are backward, primitive, baffoons, etc.

TO

2. All of the above but now are dangerous, terrorists, imminent threat to the West

Question 9

Shift in representation for Arab women?

Answer 9

1. Arab women are highly sexualized- represented as sexual objects for western men, whom they also lust after.

TO

2. All of the above but are subjugated by muslim or Arab men, covered in burka (vs. nearly naked) OR they too are dangerous, terrorists, etc.
   * in some cases, children serve this purpose as well (there are no innocents).

Question 10

What do intentionalists say about Hitler?

Answer 10

They look at his intent. His ideology was clear. He knew what his plan was. He had a well defined goal and was involved in every aspect of the Nazi policy.

Question 11

What do functionalists say about Hitler?

Answer 11

The look at his function. Regardless of his consistent world view, you have to consider the developments in the War on the ground. This made Hitler adapt and the Holocaust evolve.

Yes he had intent, but he had to adapt.

Question 12

What is an ideology? Explain.

Answer 12

They explain all of human history and thought according to a single idea.
All experience, all history, all thought, fits into that one system by conforming to that idea.

If it cannot conform, it is ignored.

Question 13

How does ideology change people who submit to the ideology?

Answer 13

When the mind submits itself entirely to a single idea, one becomes immune to any experience or knowledge that contradicts it. One becomes incapable to independent thought.

Question 14

Why did Christianity remain a rival to Hitler’s power?

Answer 14

Because it valued human life. His ideology (race, space, redemptive antisemitism) didn’t need Christianity.

Question 15

What year did Hitler sign the concordat with the Vatican?

Answer 15

July 1933.

Question 16

What is a concordat?

Answer 16

An agreement or treaty, especially one between the Vatican and a secular government relating to matters of mutual interest.

Question 17

What did the signing of the concordat create?

Answer 17

It created legitimacy (because of the Pope’s moral authority) and reduced Catholic opposition (then and later) to Nazi atrocities.

Question 18

What was the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring?

Answer 18

Announced July 1933 by Hitler to forcibly sterilize 400,000 people “deemed” (by the regime) to be feebleminded, severe alcoholics, epileptics, schizophrenics, blind, deaf, or with learning disabilities.

Question 19

Who were German Christians?

Answer 19

A group of evangelical Protestant Christians who merge nazi racists and national ideology with the Christian message. They purge the faith of all Jewish elements (The Old Testament)

Question 20

Often used in daily speech as a synonym for violence, especially is violence serves as a means of coercion. Should be reserved, in terminological language, for the “________ of nature.”

Answer 20

Force.

Question 21

Term is most frequently abused. Can be vested in persons.

Answer 21

Authority.

Question 22

Designates something in the singular, an individual entity; it is the property of inherent in an object or person and belongs to its character, which may prove itself in relation to other things or persons, but is essentially independent of them.

Answer 22

Strength.

Question 23

Never the property of an individual; it belongs to a group and remains in existence only so long as the group keeps together.

Answer 23

Power.

Question 24

Always stands in need of guidance and justification through the ends it pursues. Can be justifiable but will never be legitimate. Can destroy power.

Answer 24

Violence.