Midterm Flashcards
Two key emotions of Depression
- Low, sad state
2. Mania: state of breathless euphoria
Most common form of Depression
unipolar depression
Symptoms of depression
Emotional: “miserable”, “humiliated”
Motivational: lack drive, initiative
Behavioral: less active, less productive
Cognitive: hold negative views of themselves, blame themselves for events
Physical: headache, dizziness, pain, heavy feeling
Unipolar depression
no history of mania, symptoms last 2+ weeks
Dysthymic disorder
longer lasting but less disabling form of depression
People of depression have abnormal levels of ___
cortosal
Causes of depression
Behavioral: change in rewards/punishments
Cognitive: learned helplessness, negative thinking
Psychodynamic model: a loss event, grief (not heavily supported)
Bipolar symptoms
Emotional: active, powerful emotions
Motivational symptoms: need for constant excitement, involvement, companionship
Behavior: very active, move quickly, talk loudly or rapidly
Cognitive: show poor judgement
Physical Symptoms: high energy level w/ little to no rest
Criteria for Bipolar diagnosis
- manic episode: a week or more
- history of mania
Fear vs. Anxiety
fear = response to threat
anxiety = state vs. trait
state - in the moment, trait - personality
Examples of Anxiety Disorder
GAD, phobias, panic disorders, OCD, acute stress disorder, PTSD
Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
restless, on edge, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, sleep problems
Benzos
found to reduce anxiety, incredibly addictive
ex: Xanax, Valium
Phobias
persistent & unreasonable fears of particular objects, activities or situations
True or False: the majority of people with phobias seek treatment
False
True or False: Phobias often begin in childhood
True
Modeling as a treatment
observation/imitation of others’ phobia, therapist confronts feared object
Flooding as a treatment
Forced non gradual exposure
Panic
an extreme anxiety reaction, can result when a real threat suddenly emerges
treatment of panic
get patients to not see it as problematic
True or False: attempts to ignore OCD trigger anxiety
True
OCD compulsions
voluntary behaviors or mental acts
OCD treatment
must realize behaviors are irrational
dependence
more advanced pattern of use in which a person abuses a drug and also centers his/her life around it
Types of drugs
depressants, stimulants, cannabis, hallucinogens
Depressants
may reduce tensions, inhibitors, motor activity, affect central nervous system
ex: alcohol, xanax
Alcohol dependance
build up a physiological tolerance and need to drink greater amounts to feel its effects. Withdrawal symptoms
Categories of Opioids
Natural: opium, heroin, morphine, codeine
Synthetic: methadone
Stimulants
ex: cocaine, amphetamines, caffeines, nicotines
Affect CNS
Amphetamines
tolerance develops quickly, users at risk of becoming dependent (ex: meth)
Two main diagnoses of eating disorders
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa
cutting out all sweets and fates, eventually restricting all food
- peak age: 14-18
- escalation may be triggered by stressful event
- key goal: becoming thin
True or False: most recover from eating disorders
True
Cognitive distortions of anorexia nervosa
- low opinion of body shape
- overestimate actual proportions
psychological problems of anorexia nervosa
depressions, anxiety, low self-esteem, substance abuse
anorexia medical problems
low body temp, low blood pressure, slow heart rate
Bulimia Nervosa
“binge-purge syndrome” = characterized by binges and inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, misusing laxatives
Bulimia Nervosa - most common compensatory behavior is ___
vomiting
Similarities of eating disorders
dieting, desire to be thin, mental health concerns
differences of eating disorders
- belemia = more of people pleasers
True of False: benzos are a kind of stimulants
False: depressants
True or False: Depressants affect the central nervous system
True
True or False: heroin is a synthetic form of opioids
False: natural opioid
Causes of eating disorders
psychological problems
biological factors: mood disorder
sociocultural conditions: family situation
Type of eating disorder with higher risk of depression
Bulimia
