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HADM 646 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What factors contribute to implementation failures in healthcare organizations?

A

Nature of work
Workforce
Leader-workforce relations
Performance measurement and control systems

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2
Q

Define personality traits

A

Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior.
- The more consistent the characteristic and the more frequently it occurs in diverse situations, the more important the trait.

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3
Q

What are the Big Five Personality traits?

A 
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
- Think OCEAN
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4
Q

What are some examples of personality traits?

A 
Affectivity
Self-Monitoring
Proactive Personality
Self-Esteem
Self-Efficacy
Locus of Control
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5
Q

Define Values

A

Values refer to stable life goals that people have, reflecting what is most important to them.

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6
Q

Why should we care about values?

A
  • Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, behaviors
  • Influence our perception of the world around us
  • Shape our view of “right” and “wrong”
  • Imply preferences (behaviors, outcomes)
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7
Q

Define Person-Organization Fit

A

The degree to which a person’s values, personality, goals, and other characteristics match those of the organization.

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8
Q

Define Person-Job Fit

A

The degree to which a person’s skill, knowledge, abilities, and other characteristics match the job demands.

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9
Q

Define Perception

A

Perception is how individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli.

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10
Q

What are the three ways we can perceive ourselves (Self-perception)?

A

Self Enhancement Bias
Self Effacement Bias
False Consensus Error

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11
Q

Define Self Enhancement Bias

A

Tendency to overestimate our performance and own capabilities (see ourselves better than others do)

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12
Q

Define Self Effacement Bias

A

Opposite, underestimate own performance and capabilities

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13
Q

Define False Consensus Error

A

Overestimate how similar we are to others- What does this mean? Repeat illegitimate behavior, misunderstand other people’s needs and tendencies (problem when managing)

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14
Q

What are three types of social perception?

A

Stereotypes
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Selective perception - (pay selective attention to parts of our environment and miss the whole picture.

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15
Q

How can you determine whether to attribute performance to external or internal factors?

A

Consensus - is everyone doing it?
Distinctiveness - does this person normally behave this way in other situations?
Consistency - does this person normally behave this way in the same situation?

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16
Q

How does skill relate to MTBI?

A

It doesn’t measure skill, it measures preferences and how people gather information.

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17
Q

What are the three components of attitude?

A

Affective – The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude
Cognitive – The opinion or belief segment of an attitude
Behavioral – An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something

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18
Q

How does attitude relate to job satisfaction and organizational commitment?

A

Attitude –> Job Sat. –> Org. Commitment

Attitudes predict behaviors

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19
Q

What are some strategies to improve work attitudes?

A 
Personality
Person-Environment Fit
Job Characteristics
Psychological Contract
Organizational Justice
Work Relationships
Reduce Stress
Work-Life Balance
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20
Q

What five work behaviors can job satisfaction improve?

A 
Job performance
Organizational citizenship behavior
Absenteeism
Turnover
Workplace deviance
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21
Q

What are some reasons for employees leaving their job?

A 
Performance
Job dissatisfaction
Personality
Age
Company tenure
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22
Q

What is the formula for performance?

A

Performance = Motivation x Ability x Environment

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23
Q

What are Maslows Hierarchy of Needs?

A 
^   Self Actualization
|    Esteem
|    Social
|    Safety
|    Physiological
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24
Q

What is McClelland’s Acquired-Needs Theory, and what need comes first?

A

-Need for achievement
-Need for affiliation
-Need for power
We all vary on which need is primary

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25
Q

Describe equity theory

A

The inputs and outcomes of one person, should equal the inputs and outcomes of another. For example, if I work overtime and get a raise, so should everyone else that worked overtime.

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26
Q

What are possible reactions to unfairness?

A

Distort perceptions - thinking referent is more skilled
Increase referents inputs - person works harder
Increase outcomes - gaining fairness (typically unethical)
Change referent - compare to someone who is worse off
Leave situation - quit
Seek legal action - suing company

27
Q

What are the three different types of justice?

A

Procedural Justice
Interactional Justice
Distributive Justice

28
Q

What is Procedural Justice?

A

The degree to which fair decision-making procedures are used to arrive at a decision.

29
Q

What is Interactional Justice?

A

The degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity in interpersonal interactions.

30
Q

What is Distributive Justice?

A

The degree to which outcomes received from the organization are fair.

31
Q

What is expectancy theory?

A

Effort –> Performance –> Rewards

32
Q

What are the components of Reinforcement Theory?

A

Positive Reinforcement - Pos behavior/Pos Consequence
Neg Reinforcement - Pos behavior/Remove Neg Cons.
Punishment - Neg behavior/Neg Consequence
Extinction - Neg behavior/Remove Pos Cons.

33
Q

How does motivation relate to ethical behavior?

A

Unethical behavior + Reward = More unethical behavior

34
Q

What are alternatives to job specialization?

A

Job Rotation
Job Enrichment
Job Enlargement

35
Q

What are the components of structural empowerment?

A 
Decision authority
Leadership style
Organizational structure
Access to information
Organizational climate
36
Q

How would you increase empowerment within an organization?

A

PowerPoint 5 Slide 5

37
Q

What is the Goal Setting Theory?

A 
Specific
Measurable
Aggressive
Realistic
Time-Bound
- Think SMART
38
Q

Why do SMART goals motivate?

A

Energize
Give Direction
Provide Challenge
Make you think outside the box

39
Q

What three components make goals more effective?

A

Feedback
Ability
Goal Commitment

40
Q

What are some downsides to goal setting?

A

Learning decreases
Adaptability declines
Narrow thinking may develop
Ethical problems increase

41
Q

What is the difference between relative and absolute ranking systems?

A

Absolute is applied equally to everyone. Scores are based solely on the individuals performance.
Relative is when someone is ranked relative to others. Performance is compared to others, and this is viewed more negatively by employees.

42
Q

Why are teams needed in healthcare?

A

Work is too complex
Multiple skill sets needed
Effective patient care dependent upon teams

43
Q

What are the stages of group development?

A 
Forming - people figure out group rules
Storming - explore power, conflict occurs
Norming - become more cohesive
Performing - getting work done
Adjourning - debriefing, exit
44
Q

What are some keys to a cohesive group?

A 
Common characteristics
Collective identity
Share mutual bond
Share sense of purpose
Work together on common task
Establish structured pattern of communication
45
Q

What are the five fundamental factors for group cohesion?

A 
Similarity
Size
Stability
Support
Satisfaction
46
Q

What is the relationship between group cohesion, and task commitment?

A

PowerPoint 6, Slide 9

47
Q

Define social loafing

A

Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when working in a group context.

48
Q

Define collective efficacy

A

Collective efficacy refers to a group’s perception of its ability to successfully perform well.

49
Q

What are the three types of task interdependence?

A

Pooled Interdependence
Sequential Interdependence
Reciprocal Interdependence

50
Q

What is the difference between a group and a team?

A

A team is a type of group: a coalition of people working together to achieve mutual goals, have structures, specific processes, interdependence in tasks, & leadership.

51
Q

What are some benefits of self-managed teams?

A

Outcomes include higher job satisfaction, increased self-esteem, and opportunities to grow more on the job.

52
Q

What is psychological safety, and how does it relate to teams?

A

Perceptions about risk in team (voice, error reporting etc)

People that feel safe perform better.

53
Q

What are some challenges and barriers to effective teams?

A

Knowing where to begin
Dominating team members
Poorly managed conflicts
Poor performance of team members

54
Q

What are the 8 ways to build collaborative teams?

A
  1. Invest in Signature Relationship Practices
  2. Model Collaborative Behavior (at the top)
  3. Create a “Gift” Culture
  4. Ensure Requisite Skills
  5. Support Strong Sense of Community
  6. Assign Team Leaders Who are Task AND Relationship-Oriented
  7. Build on Heritage Relationships
  8. Understand Role Clarity and Task Ambiguity
55
Q

Should leaders be task oriented or people oriented?

A

Both! Good leaders can motivate people to accomplish tasks.

56
Q

What are the differences between transactional and transformational leadership? When would each be needed?

A

Transactional - Employees demonstrate the right behaviors because the leader provides resources in exchange.
Transformational - Employees focus on company’s well being rather than individual pursuits.

57
Q

What does LMX stand for?

A

Leader-Member Exchange

58
Q

What is LMX based on?

A

Trust

Respect

59
Q

How does LMX work?

A

Antecedents LMX Consequences
Leader Fairness Job Satisfaction
Leader Delegation Job Performance
Build Good Relationships Citizenship Behaviors
Employee Feedback Seeking Lower Turnover
Employee Flattery of Leader Buffer Against Stressors
Personality Similarity High Performance Ratings
Liking Fav. Interpret. of Behaviors

60
Q

What is servant leadership?

A

Defines the leader’s role as serving the needs of others. The primary mission of the leader is to develop employees and help them reach their goals. Servant leaders put their employees first, understand their personal needs and desires, empower them, and help them develop in their careers.

61
Q

What is the difference between a hero and a host?

A

Heroes swoop in and save the day at the last minute. Hosts will foster an environment where the employees can receive regular feedback and resources to help them succeed.

62
Q

What are two characteristics of Authentic Leadership?

A

Leaders are self-aware

Leaders are introspective

63
Q

What is a weakness of the stages of development theory? Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning

A

The model is very linear, and in reality the process is more cyclical and stages can happen simultaneously.

HADM 646 (2 decks)

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