Midterm Flashcards
theory that views communication as a one-way process in which a source conveys an encoded message through a channel to a receiver, who then decodes the message
Linear model
communication theory that views communication as a two-way process that includes feedback and the environment
Interactive model
the theory that views communication as a constant process in which all parties simultaneously play the roles of sender and receiver
Transactional model
the medium through which an encoded message is transmitted from a source to a receiver
Channel
anything that can change the message after the source encodes and sends it
Noise
the content or idea that the source tries to convey to the audience
Message
the receiver’s response to a message that is sent to the sender
Feedback
the person or audience that a message is being transmitted to
Receiver
What are the 5 strategies for combatting communication apprehension
- practice, practice, practice
- employ relaxation techniques
- Visualize Succes
- Dialogue with the audience
- systematic desensitization
the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another or others
Communication Apprehension
convincing yourself that something is going to happen before it does, thus leading to the occurrence of what you originally expected
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
involve morals and the specific moral choices to be made
Ethics
taking the intellectual achievements of another person and presenting them as one’s own
Plagiarism
taking original source materials and changing a few words in it, but not enough to consider it a paraphrase, all the while not citing the original source material
Patch-working
the unfair preference or distortion of information
Bias
a brief statement representing what you aim to do with the speech; there are 3 types
General Purpose Statements
a narrower version of the general purpose statement that identifies what you will talk about, what you will say about it, and what you hope the audience will take away from the speech
Specific Purpose Statements
a narrower version of the general purpose statement that identifies what you will talk about, what you will say about it, and what you hope the audience will take away from the speech
Specific Purpose Statements
through ________ _______ you can collect a great deal of information on your audience. This includes environmental cues, who the people are, and emotional cues.
Direct Observation
an example that is factual
Real Example
an example that is fictional
Hypothetical Example
an example that makes a very quick point and can be effective at any point in a speech
Brief Example
an example that takes time; the importance lies in the details
Extended Example
numbers that summarize and organize sets numbers to make them easier to understand or visualize
Statistic
testimony from someone who is in the same peer group as the audience, but who is not necessarily an expert on the topic
Peer testimony
testimony from someone who has conducted extensive research on the topic, has significant experience with the topic, or holds a position that lends credibility to his or her ideas on the subject matter
Expert Testimony
a carefully worded one- sentence encapsulation of exactly what you will cover in your speech
Thesis Statements
attacking the opposing person’s character instead of his or her arguments
ad hominem
asserts that positional authority, such as being a parent or a boss, makes someones argument correct or accurate
Ad verecundiam
the belief that once a course of action is taken, other unavoidable events will inevitably occur
Slippery slope
the speaker misrepresents the opponent’s position by oversimplifying that position, taking the opponents comments out of context so that they don’t represent the opponents position at all
straw man
drawing conclusions about broad principles or categories based upon a small sample of evidence
hasty generalizations
one event causes another unrelated event to occur
false cause
the speaker introduces irrelevant ideas to focus attention away from the real issue
red herring
