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OS1 Addie > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Mesomorphic

A

Muscular or sturdy build - typical person

Mid range ROM, has relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic mesoderm

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2
Q

Ectomorphic

A

Thin body build - long and linear frame. Tend to have higher ROM and greater prominence of structure derived from embryonic ectoderm

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3
Q

Endomorphic

A

Heavy build - obese w/ increased fatty tissue

Characterized by prominence of structure from the embryonic endoderm

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4
Q

Elastic barrier

A

The range between physiologic and Anatomic barriers of motion in which passive stretching occurs before tissue disruption (what is warmed up in stretching)

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5
Q

Anatomic barrier

A

Limit of motion imposed by Anatomic structure - limit of passive motion

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6
Q

Physiological barrier

A

The limit of active motion

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7
Q

Tenderpoints

A

Small, discrete hypersensitive areas that result in localized pain

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8
Q

Trigger points

A

Small, discrete hypersensitive areas w/in Myofascial structure. Palpation causes referred pain away from the site.

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9
Q

TTA acute

A

Red, swollen, boggy, increased tone

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10
Q

TTA chronic

A

Dry, cool, ropey, pale, decreased tone

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11
Q

Asymmetry chronic

A

Present; compensation occurs

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12
Q

Asymmetry acute

A

Present

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13
Q

Restriction acute

A

Present, painful w motion

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14
Q

Restriction chronic

A

Present, maybe not. Guarded or empty

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15
Q

Tenderness acute

A

Sharp pain

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16
Q

Tenderness chronic

A

Dull/achy pain

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17
Q

Motion has three components

A

Direction, range, and quality (smooth, ratcheting, restricted, and resistant)

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18
Q

End of ROM - elastic

A

Like a rubber band

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19
Q

End of ROM - abrupt

A

Osteoarthritis or hinge joint

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20
Q

End of ROM - hard

A

Somatic dysfunction

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21
Q

End of ROM- empty

A

Stops due to guarding (patient doesn’t allow due to pain)

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22
Q

End of ROM - crisp

A

Involuntary muscle guarding (happens in pinched nerves)

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23
Q

Static flexibility

A

Maximal ROM a joint can achieve w/ an externally applied force

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24
Q

Dynamic flexibility

A

ROM an athlete can produced and speed at which he/she can produce it

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25
Q

Functional unit of the spine

A

Two vertebrae, their associate disc, neurovascular, and other soft tissues

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26
Q

Coupled motion

A

Consistent association of a motion along or about one axis w another motion about or along a second axis. The principle motion cannot be produced without the associate motion occurring as well (happens in spine)

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27
Q

Beighton score

A

Used to determine if patient has ehler’s danos. Greater than 4 = ehler’s

If less than 3, can still have ehler’s but need to have additional symptoms

28
Q

What is required to make a diagnosis of Ehrler Danos?

A

Two major criteria, one major criteria and two minor criteria, four minor criteria or two minor criteria and a family history in the first degree

29
Q

Soft tissue

A

Directly applied to muscular and facial structures of the body and affect the associate neural and vascular elements

30
Q

Soft tissue preparation facilitates…

A

Improvement of articular motion

31
Q

What is fascia?

A

A complete system with blood supply, fluid drainage, and innervation composed of irregularly arranged fibrous elements of varying density

32
Q

Show the continuity of fascia

A

Perimysium (fascia) —> peritendium —> periosteum

33
Q

Pannicular fascia

A

Outermost layer of fascia derived from somatic mesenchyme. Surrounds entire body (except offices).

Outer layer is adipose and inner layer is membranous/adherent

34
Q

Axial & appendicular fascia

A

Internal to the pannicular layer. Will fuse to the pannicular and surround all of the muscles. Periosteum of bone and peritendon of tendons

35
Q

Meningeal fascia

A

Surrounds the nervous system- includes the dura mater

36
Q

Visceral fascia

A

Surrounds the body cavities (pleural, pericardial, and Peritoneum)

37
Q

What does it mean that the fascia is omnipotent?

A

It has contractile (myofibrilblasts) and healing (macrophages and mast cells) properties

38
Q

Viscoelastic material

A

Any material that deforms according to rate of loading and deformity

39
Q

Stress

A

Force that attempts to deform a connective tissue structure

40
Q

Strain

A

Percentage of deformation of a connective tissue

41
Q

Hysteresis

A

Difference between loading and unloading characteristics represents energy that is lost in the connective tissue system - energy loss = hysteresis

42
Q

Creep

A

Connective tissue under a sustained, constant load will elongate in response to the load

43
Q

Ease

A

The direction in which the connective tissue may be moved most easily during deformational stretching. Palpate as a sense of looseness

44
Q

Bind

A

A palpable restriction of connective tissue mobility

45
Q

Fascial continuity (fascial sweater)

A

Restrictions of fascia in one area of the body will create connective tissue restrictions in other areas of the body, causing abnormal Myofascial and joint mobility

46
Q

Hooke’s law

A

The strain (deformation) placed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress (force) placed upon it

47
Q

Wolff’s law

A

Bone will develop according to the stresses placed upon it. The same for fascia

48
Q

Sherrington’s law

A

When a muscle receives a nerve impulse to contract, its antagonists receive, simultaneously, an impulse to relax

49
Q

Common compensatory pattern

A

Left, right, left, right. 80% of healthy people

50
Q

Uncommon compensatory pattern

A

R/L/R/L 20% of healthy people

51
Q

ST indications

A

Restricted motion, TTA, sensitivity, feedback about tissue response, enhance circulation, improve immune response, provide tonic stimulation

52
Q

ST contraindications

A

Severe osteoporosis (can move to lumbar region) and acute injuries

53
Q

ST absolute contraindications

A

Fracture, dislocation, neurological entrapment syndromes, serious vascular compromise, local malignancy, local infection, and bleeding disorders

54
Q

Soft tissue technique

A

Patient and physician comfort
Pressure is applied 1 to 2 seconds followed by a released. Can increase amplitude while maintaining the rate as time goes on

55
Q

Stretch

A

Increase distance between origin and insertion (parallel with muscle fibers)

56
Q

Knead

A

Repetitive pushing of tissue perpendicular to muscle fibers

The bowstring - kneading

57
Q

Inhibitions

A

Push and hold perpendicular to the fibers at the musculotendinous part of the hypertonic muscle. Hold until relaxation of tissue

58
Q

MFR

A

Engages continual palpatory feedback to achieve the release of Myofascial tissues

59
Q

INR

A

Integrated neuromuscular Myofascial release. Combined procedures are designed to stretch and reflexively release patterned soft tissue and joint related restrictions

60
Q

REMs for INR

A

Breath holding, prone and supine stimulated swimming, R/L cervical rotation, isometric limb and neck movements against table/chair/etc, patient evoked movement from cranial nerves

61
Q

Indications for MFR

A

Somatic dysfunction (ST or joint restrictions), when HVLA or muscle energy is contraindicated, when counter strain may be difficult secondary to a patients inability to relax

62
Q

Absolute contraindications of MFR

A

Lack of patient consent and absence of somatic dysfunction

63
Q

Relative contraindications of MFR

A

Infection of ST or bone, fracture, avulsion, dislocation, metastatic disease, ST injury, post-op patient, rheumatologist condition involving instability of cervical spine, DVT or anticoagulation therapy

64
Q

Inherent forces

A

An activating force that uses the body’s primary respiratory mechanism

65
Q

Respiratory cooperation

A

Activating force that refers to physician directing patient breathing while performing manipulative maneuvers

66
Q

Patient cooperation

A

Activating force where patient is asked to move in specific directions to aid in mobilizing specific areas of restriction

OS1 Addie (1 decks)

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