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CMN 111 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Gender identity:

A

Ones self perception as a man/woman

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2
Q

Gender roles:

A

Positions in society

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3
Q

Androgyny -

A

Being masculine and feminine (psychological level)

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4
Q

Tentative language:

A

Use of language that demonstrates lack of confidence/uncertainty

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5
Q

Types of Tentative Language (5) -

A

1) Tag Qs
2) Hedges
3) Hesitations
4) Disclaimers
5) Polite forms

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6
Q

Tag Qs:

A

De-intensify a statement

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7
Q

Ex: of Tag Qs -

A

“The weather is nice, isn’t it?”

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8
Q

Hedges:

A

Modify a statement

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9
Q

Ex: of hedges -

A

“I guess, I sort of feel like pizza”

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10
Q

Hesitations:

A

Vocalized pauses

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11
Q

Ex: of hesitation -

A

“Yea…uh…I guess I had a great time.”

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12
Q

Disclaimer:

A

Remove responsibility, truth value of statement

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13
Q

Ex: of disclaimer -

A

“The midterm is today, isn’t it?”

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14
Q

Polite forms -

A

Overly demonstrate courtesy

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15
Q

Ex: of polite form -

A

“Would you mind helping me, if that’s not too much to ask”

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16
Q

O’Barr’s Power of Style (tentative language) - summarize

A
  • Researched status in courtroom
  • higher position more assertive
  • less position more tentative
  • gender was not a function
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17
Q

3 types of Tag Qs -

A

1) Uncertainty
2) Solidarity
3) Politeness

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18
Q

Describe Tag Qs (Uncertainty, Solidarity, Politeness)

A

Uncertainty- used to confirm

Solidarity- encourage contribution, not look long for an answer just AN answer

Politeness- soften negative/direct statement

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19
Q

What are minimal responses and back channels?

A

Feedback, utterances, shakes/nods

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20
Q

Do minimal responses and back channels depend on gender? Why?

A

No, they depend if agreeing or disagreeing

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21
Q

Functions of interruption-

A

Clarification, agreement, disagreement, subject change

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22
Q

What do men/women display thru interruptions?

A

Men - dominance

Women - cooperation

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23
Q

What are female linked language variables?

A

References to emotion

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24
Q

What are male linked variables?

A

References to quantity/directives

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25
Q

Topic management:

A

Continuing, maintaining, changing topics

26
Q

What are differences between men and women topics?

A

Men - job, women, sex

Women - appearance, family relationships

27
Q

What do men/women pursue thru interaction goals?

A

Men - confrontational goals

Women - communal goals

28
Q

Difference of success strategies among men/women? How do they obtain success?

A

Women - manipulation strategy; influence goals, emotional support

Men - gaining permission from parents; direct/blunt strategy

29
Q

Dominance explanation:

A

Defines status differences in society

30
Q

Which gender seen more dominant? Does it carry out in language/behavior?

A

Men, yes it does

31
Q

Gender-as-culture explanation -

A

Defines culture differences in society

32
Q

Ex: of gender-as-culture explanation-

A

Men focus on competition

Women focus on similarities

33
Q

Self- categorizing theory:

A

How people categorize themselves in moment, interacting w/ certain affiliation in mind

34
Q

Difference between interpersonal and intergroup?

A

Interpersonal -not group identity

Intergroup - categorizing between man or women

35
Q

Social identity salience:

A

When categorize self as member of group, their social identity is salient

36
Q

Salient:

A

Gender is activated, operating

37
Q

What are the 3 factors to determine hat social identity will be salient? Define.

A

Accessibility - social category fits/matches

Comparative - make comparisons between groups

Normative - perceived comparisons between groups match stereotypes (expectations/norms)

38
Q

Social identity salience:

A

Being a group member, think/behave as prototypical member of group that’s salient

39
Q

What is tentative language?

A

Language that shows uncertainty

40
Q

Difference between gender schematic and non gender schematic? Example.

A

Schematic - when gender matches w/ femininity or masculinity

Non schematic - opposite

Ex: Schematic - low masculine/high feminine = female

Non - high masculine/low feminine = female

41
Q

T/F - Women used more female linked language then men when gender was salient compared to when gender was not salient; only for gender schematic individuals

A

True

42
Q

Differences between intra- and inter- group?

A

Intra - woman to woman, man to man

Inter - woman to man, man to woman

43
Q

___________ (tentative/direct) women were more influential w/ men.

Why?

A

Tentative, men were unaware

44
Q

Carli, 1990

How were tentative speakers seen?

A

Less confident, unintelligent

45
Q

Overall conclusion of -

Carli, 1990 (Tentative Speakers)

A
  • Seen as unintelligent, yet tentative women were more influential towards men
  • Possible 3rd factor (e.g. attractiveness)
  • women more influenced by assertive women
  • women use tentative language strategically
46
Q

Women become more tentative, their influence in men will increase only when gender identity is salient. Why?

A

Men respond positively when women act like prototypical women

47
Q

(Salient, no salient)

Tentative women more influential when gender ______ .

Assertive women more influential when gender ______ .

A

Salient

Not salient

48
Q

Biological theory:

A

States biological characteristics result for gender differences

49
Q

Estrogen:

A

Female hormone

50
Q

Men/women better development in _______ (left/right) lobe.

A

Men - left

Women - right

51
Q

T/F

Girls favor trucks over dolls if mothers high level of testosterone during pregnancy?

A

True

52
Q

Psychodynamic theories:

A

1st relationship influences how we define identity and gender

53
Q

Social learning theory:

A

Individuals learn to be masculine/feminine by imitating others, getting responses (rewards) from others

54
Q

Cognitive development theory:

A

Children play active roles in developing gender identities

-pick models

55
Q

Gender constancy:

A

Persons understanding that he/she is male/female

56
Q

Gender schematic theory:

A

Infant recognized make/female faces and voices

57
Q

Gender schematic:

A

Internal mental framework organizes perceptions related to gender

58
Q

Symbolic interactionism:

A

States they communication w/ others we meant who we are

59
Q

Standpoint theory:

A

Societies made up of different groups, have different amounts of power/privilege

60
Q

T/F

Social location doesn’t determine standpoint. Why?

A

True, learned thru critical reflection if power relations

61
Q

Performative theory:

A

Humans enervate identities, gender, they performance/expression

62
Q

2 ways which language organizes perception -

A

1) stereotyping men and women

2) encouraging polarized perception of sex/gender

CMN 111 (1 decks)

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