Midterm

Question 1

How does perception play a role in cognitive development?

Answer 1

Perception is the ability to discriminate differences in incoming information requiring both sensory info and prior knowledge. It relates to cignitive dev because an infants auditor perceptual skills grow based on stimuli from the environment.
-newborns are able to discriminate pitch, loudness, and sound duration

Question 2

What is the purpose of oral motor control?

Answer 2

Oral motor control is needed before an infant can talk.

Question 3

Integrative Rehearsal

Answer 3

new material is integrated into the structure of information already stored in long term memory

Question 4

Habituation

Answer 4

the result of patterns formed as a stimuli occur repeatedly

• requires sensorylearning and perception
• becoming used to stimulus

Question 5

How does sensation play a role in cognitive development?

Answer 5

Sensation influences infants ability to attend. Low level of stimulus yields less interest. At a moderate level of stimulus, the infants attention is maintained longer and more frequently.

Question 6

Schemes

Answer 6

a baby’s cognitive structures used for processing incoming sensory information.
-active process including interpretation and classification

Question 7

Organization

Answer 7

the tendency to systematize or organize processes into systems

Question 8

Adaptation

Answer 8

the fuction of all organisms to change in response to the environment.

Question 9

Equilibrium

Answer 9

cognitive balance between the incoming stimuli and the organisms cognitive structures.
-driving force of cognitive change

Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

the use of existing schemes to incorporate external stimuli

-pitbull=dog category

Question 11

Accomodation

Answer 11

transformation process in response to external stimuli that do not fit into any available scheme and cannot be assimilated.
-must modify or create a new one

Question 12

Characteristics of Motherese

Answer 12

greater pitch range
lexical simplification by diminuitive (doggie)
less dysfluency
paraphrasing and repetition
limited vocabulary
more directives/ questions

Question 13

Babbling

Answer 13

sound units an infant produces

-social because it varies in volume, oitch, and rate to attract attention

Question 14

FRN

Fully Resonant Nuclei

Answer 14

vowel like sounds that are fully resonated laryngeal tones /a/

Question 15

Reduplicated Babbling

Answer 15

long strings of consonant vowel syllable repetitions or self imitations such as “ma-ma-ma”
-often occurs when holding an object

Question 16

Variegated Babbling

Answer 16

adjaent and successive syllables are not identical

• VCV
• CVC

Question 17

Jargon

Answer 17

long strings of unintelligible sounds with adult like prosodic and intonational patterns 9 months

Question 18

Echolalia

Answer 18

immediate immitation of another speaker

8-12 months

Question 19

PCF

Phonetically Consistent Forms

Answer 19

Sounds function as words for an infant even though they are not based on adult words
-sound-meaning relationship

Question 20

Rehearsal

Answer 20

information is placed in long term storage and maintained by repetition

Question 21

What behaviors of the newborn suggest prewiring for communication?

Answer 21

perceptual and cognitive abilities
visual stimuli
sounds/acoustic patterns (prefer mother)
selective attention of mother/infant
facial espressions/head movements
personalities (mood, intensity o activity &response
sensitivity to stimuli

Question 22

Definition: Cognitive development represents an increase in information processing capacity as a result use of more efficient processing strategies.

Answer 22

Cognitive development and memory are an ongoing process therefore more efficient processing strategies are required to accommodate the ever expanding memory. More experiences require more capacity for learning and storing information.

Question 23

What are the first consonants?

Answer 23

nasals and plosives

m,n,g,k,b,p

Question 24

What is the basic unit of cognition? How does this help the child?

Answer 24

Scheme (concepts)

Schemes help the child by allowing organization and categorization of incoming information from the environment.