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Local Anesthesia > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Primary technique for Posterior Maxilla

A

PSA, MSA infiltration

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2
Q

V2 block is via which foramen?

A

Greater palatine

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3
Q

Each cartridge contains ____ ml of solution

A

1.7

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4
Q

Max safe dose of Epinephrine

A

.2 mg

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5
Q

Max safe dose of epinephrine for cardiac patients

A

.04 mg

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6
Q

Activation gates

A

m gates

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7
Q

Inactivation gates

A

h gates

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8
Q

Time before channel can reopen

A

refractory period

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9
Q

Na+ channel inactivation is responsible for

A

repolarization

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10
Q

Na+ channels are concentrated where?

A

At nodes of Ranvier

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11
Q

Which linkage type causes allergies

A

esters

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12
Q

Higher Q value means?

A

The better it gets into a nerve fiber and longer it lasts

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13
Q

Most to least affected for pain:

A

Dull pain, warmth, cold, sharp pain, touch, pressure, proprioception

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14
Q

What is sodium metabisulfite?

A

Antioxidant for vasoconstrictors

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15
Q

What is methylparaben

A

Preservative, for multidose vials only

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16
Q

pH of LA are usually between?

A

4-6

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17
Q

Most to least lipophilic: mepivacaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine

A

Bupivacaine, Mepivacaine, Lidocaine

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18
Q

Order in which body takes up unbound drug

A

Lungs, brain/heart/liver/kidneys, muscles, fat

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19
Q

amide type metabolism

A

hepatic metabolism

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20
Q

a1 adrenergic receptors

A

vasoconstrictors- Excitatory

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21
Q

a2 adrenergic receptors

A

inhibits release of NE-inhibitory

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22
Q

B1 receptor

A

found in heart and small intestines-cardiac stimulation

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23
Q

B2 receptors

A

found in bronchi of lungs, produces bronchodilation

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24
Q

Why do we need vasoconstrictors? 3 reasons

A

Hemostasis, lower toxicity, longer duration

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25
Q

1:50,000 epi in a 1.7 ml cartridge

26
Q

1:100,000 epi in a 1.7. ml cartridge

27
Q

1:200,000 epi in a 1.7 ml cartridge

28
Q

alpha or beta predominates in epi?

29
Q

Higher gauge means

A

smaller needles

30
Q

Should we use 30 gauge needles?

31
Q

How many times should you aspirate before injecting?

A

2x if blood the first time

32
Q

Type of injection where treatment is done in the same area where the local anesthetic was deposited

A

Local infiltration

33
Q

Type of injection where local anesthetic is deposited close to a main nerve trunk

A

Nerve block

34
Q

Pulp, Investing structures, labial soft tissues of anterior teeth

35
Q

Pulp investing structures, labial soft tissue of premolars and MB root of first molar

36
Q

Pulp, investing structures, labial soft tissues of molars, except for MB root of first molar

37
Q

Palatal mucoperiosteum of anterior teeth

A

Nasopalatine nerve

38
Q

Palatal mucoperiosteum of premolars and molars

A

Greater palatine nerve

39
Q

Infiltration injection location

A

Intersection of LA of tooth and height of MB fold

40
Q

Should you use infiltration for large areas of the mouth?

41
Q

PSA nerve block technique

A

Height of MB fold over 2nd molar, upward 45 degree angle, half the length of a long needle (no bone contact)

42
Q

MSA nerve block technique

A

Height of MB fold above maxillary 2nd premolar

43
Q

Infraorbital nerve block blocks which nerves?

A

ASA, MSA, Infraorbital

44
Q

Infraorbital nerve block technique

A

Over 1st premolar

45
Q

Greater palatine nerve block point of insertion

A

Anterior to GP forament (usually distal to second molar)

46
Q

Most painful injection

A

Nasopalatine

47
Q

Insertion point for nasopalatine nerve block

A

lateral to incisive papilla

48
Q

To numb entire side (msa, asa, psa) of maxilla

A

Maxillary nerve block, same as PSA but deeper

49
Q

Amount of LA to be delivered in each site

A

About- .5 for Infiltration,palatal anything, about 1 for everything else except Maxillary nerve block is a full cartridge

50
Q

5 nerves of V3

A

long buccal, lingual, IAN, Mental, incisive

51
Q

IAN innervates

A

Mandibular teeth pulp to midline, body of mandible, buccal mucoperiosteum

52
Q

Long buccal nerve innervates

A

Buccal mucoperiosteum of mandibular molars

53
Q

Lingual nerve innervates

A

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue and floor of mouth, lingual mucoperiosteum

54
Q

IAN nerve block technique

A

lateral to the pterygomandibular raphe, hit bone, come in from opposite premolar region

55
Q

If you get early touch for IAN on ramus which way do you shift?

A

Towards the canine

56
Q

If you touch late for the IAN on the ramus where do you shift?

A

Toward the molar region

57
Q

Lingual nerve block technique

A

Same as IAN but 5mm out

58
Q

Mylohyoid nerve block

A

Infiltration on lingual surface of the tooth posterior to the tooth in question

59
Q

Long buccal nerve block technique

A

Mucous membrane distal and buccal to the most distal molar in the arch, parallel but lateral to occlusal plane, bone contact

60
Q

Mental nerve block technique

A

MB between 1st and 2nd premolars

61
Q

Gow-gates technique

A

distal to maxillary 2nd molar, lateral side of condylar neck, hit bone

62
Q

vazirani-Akinosi technique

A

will relieve muscle spasm/trismus, straight back parallel to maxillary molars, no bone contact

Local Anesthesia (1 decks)

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