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History of the International System > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Autarky

A

“self-sufficient”

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2
Q

Abyssinian Crisis

A

1935-1936
Italy occupies Abyssinia (modern day Ethiopia). League of Nations condemned the action and attempted to pose sanctions, but the sections were half-hearted as some nations didn’t follow through.

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3
Q

Anschluss

A

German and Austrian unification

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4
Q

Austrian-Prussian War

A

1866
War between Austria (w German Alliance) and Prussia (w Italian Alliance). Bismarck wins for Prussia. Concluded by the Treaty of Prague.

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5
Q

Balkan Crisis/Russo-Turkish War

A

1876-78

Atrocities by the Ottomans in the Balkans, which led to a war between Russia and the Ottomans. Joint intervention between Germany/AH/Russia. Britain stops Russia before reaching Constantinople -> Treaty of San Stefano

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6
Q

Bosnian Crisis

A

1908-1909

International tension caused by the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by AH

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7
Q

Congress of Berlin

A

1878

Diplomatic meeting of the great powers which replaced the Treaty of San Stefano with the Treaty of Berlin. Characterized by secret deals. Britain backs AH occupation of Bosnia.

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8
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

1814-1815

Meeting of Great Powers following Napoleon’s defeat to reestablish the balance of power

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9
Q

Crimean War

A

1854-1856

Military conflict where Russia lost to an alliance between the Ottoman Empire, GB, France and Sardinia

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10
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

1870-1871

Bismarck vs Napoleon III. France loses and its the end to its hegemony

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11
Q

Great Depression

A

1930’s

Depression of the US triggered by the crash of the stock market. Sent shockwaves throughout the international economy.

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12
Q

Munich Conference

A

1938

Between Germany, GB, and France. Supposed to end the Sudeten Crisis and ensure peace. Six months later, Hitler violated it.

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13
Q

Russian Revolution/Civil War

A

1917-1922

Uprising and the defense of the newly empowered Bolsheviks

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14
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

1905

Development of the rivalry over dominance of Korea. Japanese victors.

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15
Q

Sudeten Crisis

A

1938

Germany invades Czechoslovakia. GB and France upset, but eventually give Germany the Sudetenland to avoid confrontation.

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16
Q

World War I

A

1914-1918
War between the Central Powers and the Allied Powers sparked by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo. Harsh German reparations/League of Nations.

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17
Q

Articles 231 and 232

A

Within the Treaty of Versailles.
Article 231, or the War Guilt Clause, led Germany to be solely responsible for the reparations of war. Article 232 limited German liability.

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18
Q

Concert of Europe

A

Consensus among European Great Powers focused on preserving the status-quo and maintaining the balance of power

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19
Q

Holy Alliance

A

1815
Prussia, Austria, Russia
Preserve the domestic status-quo

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20
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

1928
Agreement signed to outlaw war
Sits at the heart of the UN Charter

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21
Q

League of Nations

A

Proposed during the Paris Peace Conference. Based largely on American ideals. Did not include Germany, Russia, or the US. Failed.

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22
Q

Locarno Treaties

A

1925

Mutual peace agreement between Germany, Belgium, and France. German “flagrant violation” w occupation of Rhineland.

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23
Q

Mediterranean Agreements

A

1887

A series of agreements between GB, Italy, and AH with the aim to preserve the status quo

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24
Q

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

A

1939

Mutual non-agression pact between the Germans and the Soviets

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25
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A

1648

Brought an end to the Thirty Years’ War and the Eighty Years’ War

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26
Q

Quadruple Alliance

A

1815
GB, Prussia, Austria, and Russia
Prevent French revisionism

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27
Q

Reinsurance Treaty

A

1887

Secret agreement between Germany and Russia to remain neutral in conflict w another country, unless Germany got in a war w France or Russia got in a war w Austria

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28
Q

Stresa Coalition

A

1935

Coalition between France, GB, and Italy to formally oppose Hitler. Coalition soon dissolved after Italy invaded Ethiopia.

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29
Q

(Second) Three Emperors’ League

A

1881

Revival of the former Three Emperors League between Germany/AH/Russia. Characterized by “benevolent neutrality.” Prevention against entering an alliance w France.

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30
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

1918

Peace treaties signed between the Central Powers, the Ukrainian Republic, and Soviet Russia to end hostilities during WWI.

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31
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

1919

Brought an end to WWI. Placed harsh reparations on Germany.

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32
Q

Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye

A

1919

One of the treaties of the Paris Conference. Registered the breakup of the Habsburg Empire. Forbid Anschluss unless under League consent.

33
Q

Triple Alliance

A

1882

Secret alliance between Germany, Italy, and AH promoting mutual defense. “Balancing act.”

34
Q

Triple Entente

A

1907

FRIENDLY AGREEMENT between France, GB, and Russia

35
Q

Alsace-Lorraine

A

Area between France and Germany that was highly fought over by both nations

36
Q

Bosnia-Herzegovina

A

Played a large role in WWI, as Archduke Ferdinand was shot in Sarajevo. Formerly ruled by the Ottoman Empire and then AH.

37
Q

East Prussia

38
Q

Polish Corridor

A

Strip of land that provided Poland access to the Baltic Sea. Poland’s refusal to give the land to Germany caused the start of WWII.

39
Q

Rhineland

A

Area of land between Germany and France that was highly fought over. Occupation was banned following WWI, though Germany reoccupied it under Hitler’s rule.

40
Q

Ruhr Valley

A

German river valley occupied by France and Belgium from 1923 to 1925 as a result of failure to pay reparations

41
Q

Sudetenland

A

Part of Germany that was annexed and incorporated into Czechoslovakia

42
Q

the “Straits”

A

Russian desire to secure a warm water port

43
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Had idealistic views for the rise of Germany and viewed the German people as the most elite.

44
Q

Archduke Ferdinand

A

Presumptive heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne assassinated in 1914. Assassination sparked WWI.

45
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A

Influential French political leader. Invented raison d’etat.

46
Q

David Lloyd George

A

British statesman that participated in the Paris Peace Conference

47
Q

Emperor/Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

German kaiser and king of Prussia. Known for his militaristic actions. Coined Weltpolitik.

48
Q

Georges Clemenceau

A

French statesman that played a large role in the Allied victory of WWI and a framer of the Treaty of Versailles

49
Q

Gustav Stesemann

A

German statesman who received the Nobel Peace Prize for his negotiations during the Locarno Pact alongside Briand

50
Q

Josef Stalin

A

Communist leader of the USSR from 1929-1953.

51
Q

Napoleon III

A

Nephew of Napoleon I. French leader adamant about seeking recognition. Ultimately was defeated by Bismarck.

52
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

Conservative Prussian leader that dominated German politics in the 1860’s. Very militaristic and methodical.

53
Q

Prince von Metternich

A

Austrian statesman that orchestrated the Congress of Vienna from 1814-1815

54
Q

Tsar Alexander I

A

Tsar of Russia from 1801-1825. Took part in the Congress of Vienna and advocated for the Holy Alliance.

55
Q

Tsar Nicholas II

A

Russian emperor from 1894-1917, during WWI. Killed during the Bolsheviks after the October revolution.

56
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

28th President of US
Idealistic, wanted to end war.
Played a large role in the League of Nations, though the US never joined.

57
Q

Alliances vs. Collective Security

A

Kissinger

r

58
Q

Balance of Power

A

International system in which the power of one state is matched by that of a different state

59
Q

“Cult of the Offensive”

A

Glorification of offensive military practices and belief that offensive strategies were the best way to solve security problems

60
Q

Eastern Question

A

Conflict over the Turkish territories created by the power vacuum caused by the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire

61
Q

Great Powers

A

Sovereign states with recognized power and influence within the international system

62
Q

Imperialism

A

The extension of a state’s power to acquire territory

63
Q

Multipolarity

A

a system in which multiple powers rule

64
Q

Realpolitik

A

politics based on the practical rather than the ideological/moral

65
Q

Revisionism

66
Q

Self-Determination

A

A state’s right to decide for itself how it will operate and be governed

67
Q

“Total War”

A

Massive war that requires the mobilization of a society

68
Q

Fourteen Points

A

1918
Proposed by Wilson.
14 points that outlined peace. Later used to negotiate an end to WWI.

69
Q

Dawes Plan

A

1924

A plan to ensure reparations from Germany based on its capacity to pay

70
Q

Maginot Line

A

Line of fortifications along the French-German border to deter German invasion in the 1930s

71
Q

Moltke Plan

A

Revision to the Schlieffen Plan by Moltke

72
Q

Policy of Fulfillment

A

German aims to fulfill the terms of the Treaty of Versailles to show its inability to work

73
Q

Protectionism

A

Shielding of a nations domestic industry by taxing imports

74
Q

Schliefen Plan

A

1905

Plan for German armies to cut through Belgium to attack France and defend against fighting a two-front war against France and Russia.

75
Q

Splendid Isolation

A

Avoidance of alliances or international entanglements

Reference to British foreign policy

76
Q

Weltpolitik

A

Imperialist German foreign policy adopted by Emperor Wilhelm II from 1890 on.

Germany needed “a place in the sun”

77
Q

Bipolarity

A

Two power system

78
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

Prime Minister of GB from 1937-1940 characterized by his policy of appeasement toward Hitler

History of the International System (1 decks)

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