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Hearing Tech 1 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what does a basic hearing aid do?

A
  • collect sounds from the environment
  • transduce the sounds (acoustic signals) into analogous electrical signals
  • modify the electrical signals per the instructions of the audiologist (frequency shaping & amplification)
  • transduce modified electrical signals into analogous & modified acoustic signals
  • deliver modified acoustic signals (sounds) to the TM
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2
Q

transducer

A

a device that converts energy from one form to another

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3
Q

signal

A
  • conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some phenomenon
  • usually a transducer converts ____ in one form of energy to a ____ in another
  • has energy and information
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4
Q

microphone

A
  • device that converts sound waves into analogous electrical waves (sound energy to electrical energy)
  • the diaphragm movement modulates an electrical current
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5
Q

condenser microphones

A
  • electrostatic mic
  • capacitor mic
  • the diaphragm changes the capacitance btwn itself and a metal plate, both acting as electrodes
  • widely used electret mic has a charged dielectric btwn the electrodes that generate voltage
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6
Q

electret microphone

A

type of electrostatic capacitor based microphone which eliminates the need for polarizing power supply by using a permanently charged material

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7
Q

receiver

A

changes the amplified electronic signal into acoustic signal

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8
Q

amplifier

A
  • device that accepts a small signal and outputs a larger signal that generally matches the waveform characteristics of the input
  • take power from the battery and transfer it to the _____ output in a manner controlled by the input signal
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9
Q

transistors

A
  • generate amplification

- electrical switches that amplify sound

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10
Q

class A amplifier

A
  • conducts current throughout the entire cycle (360 degrees)

- most inefficient and is used in low power applications as well as in very high end stereo

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11
Q

class B amplifier

A

current flows only 180 degrees for half the cycle or two transistors can be used in a push-pull fashion, each operating for 180 degrees.
- low end products

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12
Q

class AB amplifier

A
  • combines A and B and current flows for 180-200 degrees

- most widely used in audio applications

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13
Q

class C amplifier

A
  • operating for less than half of one wave cycle (100-150 degree)
  • most efficient but not used for audio applications because of excessive distortion
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14
Q

peak clipping

A

when the input signal exceeds the amplifier capacity and produces distortion

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15
Q

hearing aid fundamental components

A

mic, amplifier, speaker (receiver), power supply (battery)

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16
Q

analog circuits; analogous

A
  • representation of an object that resembles the original
  • monitors conditions such as movement, temperature, and sound and converts them into _______ electronic or mechanical patterns
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17
Q

analog hearing aids

A
  • turn voice vibrations into electrical vibrations of the same shape
  • continuous signal
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18
Q

digital hearing aids

A
  • breaks everything into numbers
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19
Q

batteries

A

generate electricity by putting two electrodes near an electrolyte

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20
Q

telecoil

A

a small coil of wire, usually around a ferrite rod, that produces a voltage when an alternating magnetic field flows through it

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21
Q

induction

A

process of an electrical current introducing a voltage in a coil

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22
Q

low pass

A
  • high cut

- more gain to LF than HF sound (bass)

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23
Q

high pass

A
  • low cut

- more gain to HF than LF sounds (trebble)

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24
Q

bandpass

A
  • emphasize a defined range of frequencies

- cuts both lows and highs and preserves the mids

25
Q

band stop

A
  • deemphasize a defined range of frequencies

- knocks out mid frequencies

26
Q

types of hearing aids

A
  • body worn hearing aids
  • eyeglass hearing aids
  • BTE
  • ITE, ITC, CIC
  • open fittings RITA
  • open fittings RIC/RITE
27
Q

acoustic era

A

hand being ear, sound collection, HF emphasis, auricle, ear trumpet, speaking tube

28
Q

carbon era

A

carbon mic, amplifier, magnetic receiver, big battery packs, hearing aid fitting process

29
Q

vacuum tube era

A

microphones, vacuum tube amplifiers (linear, compression), magnetic receivers, smaller power supply

30
Q

transistor and integrated circuit era

A

packing improvements (no vacuum tubes), compact amplifier blocks, increased flexibility in settings for the pt, reduction in battery size, head worn hearing aids

31
Q

digital era

A

flexibility in programming gain and output for management of audibility, multichannel compression for dynamic range management, directional mic and digital noise reduction to improve SNR and listening comfort

32
Q

wireless era

A

remote mics that are user friendly, coordination of the pair of hearing aids, input connectivity to audio devices

33
Q

acrylic

A
  • hard
  • extremely durable, easily modified in office
  • appropriate for mild to severe loss
  • easily inserted
34
Q

silicone

A
  • semi-soft
  • may expand to reduce slit leaks
  • appropriate for mild to severe loss
35
Q

soft silicone

A
  • very soft
  • flexes to accommodate TMJ movement
  • better seal for profound loss
  • good for sports, children
36
Q

frequency

A

cycles per second, Hz

37
Q

period

A

one cycle of a periodic wave

38
Q

phase

A

relationship of positive (compression) and negative (rarefaction) waveforms

39
Q

wavelength

A

distance for one period

40
Q

diffraction

A

sound hits obstacle, sound goes around or bounces off, frequency dependent

41
Q

pressure

A

force per unit area for a sound wave

42
Q

impedance

A

ease of vibration when sound vibration is applied

43
Q

HIMSA

A
  • hearing instrument manufacturers software association
  • software platform
  • noah system 5
44
Q

venting

A
  • mechanically adjusts sound in the low frequencies
  • reduces occlusion effect
  • too much susceptible to acoustic feedback
45
Q

dampers

A

adjust mid frequencies

46
Q

horn

A

boost HF

47
Q

reverse horn

A

attenuates HF

48
Q

quarter wave resonators

A

a tube that is open at one end and closed at the other

49
Q

sound bore

A
  • 5-10 dB boost in the HF

- pass LF really well but not HF

50
Q

SNHL deficit

A

some sounds are inaudible

51
Q

problems faced by ppl w hearing impairment

A

decreased audibility: speech sounds vary in frequency and intensity, hearing loss varies in frequency and degree

52
Q

audiogram w dots

A

frequency x intensity

53
Q

performance intensity function

A

% correct x % SII (speech intelligibility index)

54
Q

block diagram

A
  • diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks
  • heavily used in engineering in design and process flow
  • typically used for higher level, less detailed descriptions that are intended to clarify overall concepts without concern for the details of implementation
55
Q

what type of pt data is the procedure based?

A

audiogram, LDL

56
Q

what type of amplification characteristic is being described?

A

frequency response curve which is the amount of gain at a particular frequency

57
Q

what is the aim of the selection procedure and relationships that have been assumed in the link btwn the pt data and the amplification characteristics?

A

we know what the characteristics of speech are

58
Q

linear gain for hearing aids

A

amount of gain is independent of input level; has a slope of 1

59
Q

nonlinear gain for hearing aids

A

amount of gain is depending on the input level; has a slope of less than 1

Hearing Tech 1 (1 decks)

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