Midterm

Question 1

Intellectual Disability

Answer 1

significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning that adversely affects a child’s educational performance existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period.

Question 2

Intellectual Disability Causes

Answer 2

3 categories Prenatal (before birth), Perinatal (during birth), and Postnatal (after birth)

Question 3

Specific Learning Disability

Answer 3

A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. This term does not apply to students who experience learning problems due to other disabilities.”

Question 4

Dyslexia

Answer 4

neurologically based disability that reflects intrinsic, often persistent, deficits in fundamental reading skills. (phonological processing, word recognition, fluency and decoding)

Question 5

Dysgraphia

Answer 5

a learning disability that impacts written language based on difficulty with language formulation ad organization and, often, imitations in fine motor skills.

Question 6

Dyscalculia

Answer 6

A Learning disability associated with the inability to understand or manipulate mathematical concepts including retaining math facts and performing computations.

Question 7

RTI

Answer 7

Response to intervention (or instruction) a classroom level and school wide model of reading instruction that emphasizes ongoing assessment, effective reading instruction, and reading intervention for students who experience difficulty.

Question 8

Orthopedic impairments

Answer 8

impairments caused by congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease, and impairments from other causes which adversely affects a child’s educational performance

Question 9

Cerebral palsy (CP)

Answer 9

• involves involuntary movement and posture stemming from a neurological disorder caused by damage to the brain before, during, or after birth.
• One of the most prevalent physical disabilities in the classroom

Question 10

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Answer 10

Caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychological impairments that affects a child’s educational performance

Question 11

Other health impairments

Answer 11

limited strength, vitality or alertness due to chronic or acute health

Question 12

Examples of Other Health Impairments

Answer 12

• epilepsy: diagnosed when an individual has repeated seizures
• diabetes: chronic metabolic disorder where the pancreas does not produce the appropriate amounts of insulin
• asthma: lung disorder involving frequent wheezing and difficulty breathing

Question 13

Hard of hearing

Answer 13

an individual with substantial hearing loss, but sufficient residual hearing.

Question 14

Deaf

Answer 14

no objective line of division, an individual who is deaf would have limited residual hearing and would not be likely to benefit from amplification devices to experience speech and language in a typical manner. Not totally cut off, Manual communication becomes a better option.

Question 15

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 15

hearing loss that results from inability of sound to be transmitted in the outer and middle ear

Question 16

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 16

hearing loss that results from damage to the inner ear and or nerve components of hearing; more likely to be severe and permanent

Question 17

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 17

A group of developmental disabilities under the umbrella term “pervasive developmental disabilities”, which includes autism, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disability-not otherwise specified. Students with the label of ASD have social, communication, and behavioral difficulties.

Question 18

Characteristics of ASD

Answer 18

observable in early childhood and cause significant impairment in life functioning.- deficits in social communication and social interaction, restricted, repetitive behaviors and/or interests. Avoiding looking you in the eye, zoning out, no facial expressions or opposite to what is considered socially acceptable.

Question 19

Asperger’s syndrome

Answer 19

prior to DSM V, a Pervasive Developmental Disorder characterized by difficulty with social interactions, restricted interests, and unusual patterns of behavior . Individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome have average or above average intelligence and do not have delays in spoken language. The terminology persists in use in mainstream society despite changes to the DSM.

Question 20

Notable impact of IDEA on School Policy:

Answer 20

Zero Reject
Free Appropriate Public Education
Least Restrictive Environment
Identification and Evaluation Procedures
Procedural Safeguards

Question 21

What is special about special education?

Answer 21

Direct instruction (particularly in the area of reading)
Self monitoring strategies
Mnemonic instruction
Learning strategy training
Curriculum-based measurement
Applied behavior analysis
Functional assessment

Question 22

RTI

Answer 22

provides a framework for teachers to allocate resources in direct relation to the needs of children and to help children learn more effectively. The responsiveness of students to evidence-based interventions in the RTI process provides a basis for decisions about instructional needs.

Question 23

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

Answer 23

is the term that is often used to reflect a broad paradigm shift regarding the manner in which schools plan to address the goals for inclusion. In the broadest terms, UDL represents a perspective that emphasizes the reduction of barriers to learning in school.
The term implies tremendous flexibility in teaching and learning experiences
A teacher who deliberately plans to support the learning experiences of these diverse children by creating a flexible and supportive learning environment, is attempting to teach in a manner that is consistent with UDL. The teacher tried to think of ways that everyone can read the book and come back together with a shared experience of reading a good book while developing enhanced reading skills.

Question 24

ADHD

Answer 24

a disorder that is usually diagnosed in childhood, it is characterized by persistent pattern of impulsiveness, short attention span, and sometimes hyperactivity. It Iinterferes with academic, occupational, and social performance

Question 25

Legally Blind

Answer 25

A person is considered to be legally blind if s/he has visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye after correction. ( this means that what a “normal eye” can see at 200 feet, a legally blind person can see at 20 feet.)

Question 26

Partially Sighted

Answer 26

20/70 in the better eye after correction.

Question 27

Causes of blindness

Answer 27

• Damage to anatomical features of the eye. (Cornea, Pupil, Lens, Iris, Retina, Optic Nerve.
• Glaucoma: is a commonly known disorder as well and stems from damage to the optic nerve that must effectively translate visual data to the brain.

Question 28

Instructional Strategies for Blindness

Answer 28

Have student sit closer to see board, videos, demonstrations, etc.

• Give student copies of teacher notes
• read notes aloud while writing them on board
• provide audio tapes of reading materials
• allow student to turn in taped rather than written responses
• enlarge books, worksheets, etc.
• provide opportunities for hands-on learning

Question 29

Field of vision

Answer 29

the entire area that a person can see when looking straight ahead.
Orientation: a person’s ability to understand where s/he is located in space.

Question 30

Brailler

Answer 30

a small, often hand-held machine that is used to print braille

Question 31

Snellen Chart

Answer 31

a chart used to measure a person’s visual acuity.

Question 32

Speech or Language Impairment

Answer 32

A speech or language impairment is a disorder of communication related to the ability to create speech sounds or process linguistic information.

Question 33

Speech and Language Impairment Disorders

Answer 33

Articulation Disorders- problems with accurate creation of specific sounds.
Fluency Disorders- stuttering or cluttering and relate to the rate and rhythm of speech, particularly the fluid and comprehensible production of speech.
Voice Disorders- hoarseness brought on by overuse of voice or illness.
Resonance Disorders- occur due to improper airflow through the nasal cavity.

Question 34

Resource room

Answer 34

This special education placement remains widely used so that students receive additional instruction for mystery of basic skills in reading or math, for example

Question 35

Individuals with Disabilities Act

Answer 35

This act replaces PL 94-142 and was reauthorized to guarantee rights for children with disabilities to receive special education services in public schools

Question 36

What are strategies to support all students?

Answer 36

For example, explicit instruction, various grouping patterns, peer-assisted strategies, self-monitoring of behavior charts, mnemonics, options for engaging and responding in a group, visual cues, prompts, etc.