Midterm

Question 1

mechanical effect of massage

Answer 1

caused by physically moving the tissues by compression, tension, shearing, bending, or twisting

Question 2

reflex effect of massage

Answer 2

change mediated by the nervous system

Question 3

physiological effect of massage

Answer 3

change in biochemical processes

Question 4

psychological effect of massage

Answer 4

occurs in mind, emotions or behavior

Question 5

psychoneuroimmunological effect of massage

Answer 5

changes in hormone levels or immune function; relaxation represents complex multi system phenomena

Question 6

energetic effect of massage

Answer 6

effects on patient’s bio-magnetic field

Question 7

example outcome of mechanical response

Answer 7

increased lymphatic return; mobilized bronchial secretions

Question 8

example outcome of reflex response

Answer 8

sedation or arousal; facilitation of skeletal muscle contraction

Question 9

example outcome of physiological response

Answer 9

improved modeling of connective tissue; reduced muscle spasms

Question 10

example outcome of psychoneuroimmunological response

Answer 10

decreased anxiety, decreased cortisol, improved t-cell function

Question 11

example outcome of energetic response

Answer 11

improved bio-magnetic field pattern; improved energy flow

Question 12

how does massage improve adhesions/scarring? (2)

Answer 12

increased tissue mobility & decreased scarring

Question 13

how does massage improve impaired connective tissue integrity, facial restrictions, and decreased skin mobility (3)

Answer 13

(1) separation and lengthening of fascia (2) promotion of connective tissue remodeling (3) increased connective tissue mobility

Question 14

how does massage improve impaired joint integrity or inflammed/restricted joint capsules (3)

Answer 14

(1) reduced inflammation (2) decreased capsular restrictions (3) increased joint mobility & integrity

Question 15

how does massage improve impaired joint mobility & active ROM (2)

Answer 15

increased mobility & AROM

Question 16

how does massage improve muscle integrity, muscle extensibility, muscle tears, tendinopathies, trigger points (4)

Answer 16

(1) increased muscle extensibility (2) decreased inflammation of muscles & tendons (3) decreased trigger point activity (4) increased joint mobility

Question 17

how does massage improve impaired muscle performance (strength, power, endurance) (2)

Answer 17

(1) secondary to enhancement of reduced pain, increased muscle extensibility, reduction of muscle spasms & trigger point activity, etc. (2) balance of agonist/antagonist muscle function

Question 18

how does massage improve abnormal resting muscle tension & spasms (3)

Answer 18

decreased muscle spasms, normalized muscle tension, increased joint mobility

Question 19

how does massage improve postural malalignment (2)

Answer 19

normalized postural alignment and increased postural awareness

Question 20

how does massage improve impaired sensation (1)

Answer 20

reduction of nerve root compression as a result of facial restrictions & trigger points

Question 21

how does massage improve stress (3)

Answer 21

sedation, increased perceived relaxation, decreased cortisol & catecholamines

Question 22

how does massage improve pain (3)

Answer 22

(1) pain reduction through primary treatment of dysfunction (2) counter irritant analgesia (3)

Question 23

how does massage improve an impaired airway (3)

Answer 23

(1) increased respiration (2) increased clearance / mobilization of secretions (3) decreased dyspnea

Question 24

how does massage improve dyspnea (2)

Answer 24

(1) increased airway clearance (2) increased perceived relaxation

Question 25

how does massage improve swelling (6)

Answer 25

(1) increased lymphatic return (2) increased venous return (3) decreased joint effusion (4) decreased edema (5) increased joint integrity (6) increased joint mobility

Question 26

how does massage improve abnormal neuromuscular tone (3)

Answer 26

(1) normalized neuromuscular tone (2) alteration of proprioceptive stimulation (3) balance of agonist/antagonist function

Question 27

what does a client need from a theraputic relationship? (6)

Answer 27

(1) safety (2) predictability (3) patience (4) explicit interpersonal process (5) health boundaries (6) responsible closure

Question 28

open questions

Answer 28

stimulate further discussion; no wrong answer

Question 29

prompting

Answer 29

demonstrates interest and encourages speaker to continue

Question 30

clarification

Answer 30

restate what is heard and ask if information is correct or another interpretation

Question 31

closed questions

Answer 31

black and white answers; used to get to the truth of the circumstance

Question 32

purpose of using 'I' 'we' and 'you'

Answer 32

I' is used to describe feeling or perceptions; 'You' is used to describe specific behaviors; 'We' encourages inclusion & helps summarize agreement

Question 33

compare medical massage/wellness massage: timing of intervention

Answer 33

medical: after clinical condition occurs wellness: anytime

Question 34

compare medical massage/wellness massage: focus of intervention

Answer 34

medical: signs and symptoms of condition; impairments grade 1-4 wellness: impairments grade 0

Question 35

compare medical massage/wellness massage: client examination

Answer 35

medical: examine body function & structure; identify impairments based on condition wellness: examine body function & structure relevant to individual goals for wellness

Question 36

compare medical massage/wellness massage: goal of intervention

Answer 36

medical: identify and manage impairments of condition wellness: optimize well being across physical, mental, spiritual, social domains

Question 37

compare medical massage/wellness massage: clinical reasoning process

Answer 37

no difference: complete clinical reasoning process

Question 38

compare medical massage/wellness massage: outcomes

Answer 38

medical: outcomes related to impairments in body structure and functions wellness: outcomes related to body structures and functions

Question 39

hyperarousal

Answer 39

abnormally heightened state of arousal

Question 40

dissociation

Answer 40

impaired perception of reality often accompanied by a numbing of emotions or a disconnecting from the present

Question 41

therapists use percussion to improve (5)

Answer 41

(1) airway clearance (2) proprioceptive stimulation (3) increased arousal (4) pain relief (5) facilitate/inhibit neuromuscluar tone

Question 42

components of percussion: contact

Answer 42

fingers, fingertips, ulnar border of hands, palms, heels, dorsal surface of IP joint

Question 43

components of percussion: pressure

Answer 43

light to heavy

Question 44

components of percussion: direction

Answer 44

perpendicular to client's body (except for pounding)

Question 45

components of percussion: rate

Answer 45

2 to 10+ cycles per second using both hands

Question 46

components of percussion: duration

Answer 46

30 seconds to 20 minutes (multiple areas)

Question 47

components of percussion: integrates with

Answer 47

various forms of percussion integrate with each other; not with other massage techniques

Question 48

components of percussion: context

Answer 48

(1) stimulating effect: end of full body massage (2) facilitate performance: immediately prior to exercise (3) alternated with vibration

Question 49

pincement

Answer 49

Use the tips of your thumb, index, and middle fingers to pinch and lift the client's tissue

Question 50

tapping

Answer 50

Keep writs and forearms still and gently strike tissues with the individual fingertips using the same motion as keyboarding

Question 51

hacking

Answer 51

Think karate chop

Question 52

slapping

Answer 52

with hands and fingers held loosely, make contact with entire open palmar surface

Question 53

clapping

Answer 53

Position your hand and form a cupping shape with palm

Question 54

beating

Answer 54

position hand in a loose fist and use heal of your hand to percuss large muscles and even the sacrum

Question 55

pounding

Answer 55

position hand in loose fist and use surface of the fifth finger as the contact surface

Question 56

hand position for all form of percussion

Answer 56

hands and wrists relaxed

Question 57

contact for all forms of percussion

Answer 57

quick strokes

Question 58

light force over what structures

Answer 58

face, unprotected bones

Question 59

moderate force over what structures

Answer 59

thinner muscles

Question 60

heavier force over what structures

Answer 60

large muscles

Question 61

how should force be adjusted?

Answer 61

size, age, and health of patient

Question 62

percussion techniques should be applied how?

Answer 62

circular motion; not in one place