Midterm

Question 1

Empirical Analysis

Answer 1

Empirical Analysis: Evidence approach to interpreting information. “Using the scientific method puts the science in political science”

Question 2

Normative Analysis

Answer 2

Normative Analysis: A subjective and value based observation. Usually opinion and cannot be proved.

Question 3

Democratic Consolidation

Answer 3

The process which a new democracy develops and mature. It’s ability to consolidate properly shows it’s success. Proper democratic consolidation sets the precedent that it will be unlikely to revert to authoritarianism or a different type of government.

Question 4

Democratic Legitimacy

Answer 4

Democratic Legitimacy can be best defined as political sustainability of a regime. A regime should establish reasonableness among its citizens and provide proper reason for it to exist. Democratic Legitimacy is a belief that people must have maintain rule

Question 5

Liberals

Answer 5

Economic Decisions: Big Government Influence

Social Dimension: Small Government Influence

Question 6

Libertarians

Answer 6

Economic Decisions: Small Government Influence

Social Dimension: Small Government Influence

Question 7

Populists

Answer 7

Economic Decisions: Big Government Influence

Social Dimension: Big Government Influence

Question 8

Conservatives

Answer 8

Economic Decisions: Small Government Influence

Social Dimension: Big Government Influence

Question 9

Process-based democratic values

Rule of law

Answer 9

no one is above the law, citizens are all underneath the law

Question 10

Process-based democratic values

Competition

Answer 10

elections provide voters the option to choose between 2 or more perspectives

Question 11

Process-based democratic values

Inclusiveness

Answer 11

participation by different groups in society for elections and government positions

Question 12

Process-based democratic values

Accountability

Answer 12

voters can keep representatives accountable to their demands and office

Question 13

Process-based democratic values

Responsiveness

Answer 13

policy outcomes reflect the public’s opinion and sometimes, but not always means the majority of people

Question 14

3 Political Cultures

Moralistic

Answer 14

The government’s primary function should be that of a problem-solver. Great focus on mass participation

Question 15

3 Political Cultures

Traditionalistic

Answer 15

Traditionalistic - Government maintains the status quo. Let people be free and solve their own problems, per se. Mass participation is not necessarily encouraged

Question 16

3 Political Cultures

Individualistic

Answer 16

Individualistic - More in the middle, different groups and different people compete in order to get the Government to act. Mass participation is mildly encouraged.

Question 17

One Person One Vote

Answer 17

All votes are equal.
Zones must reflect population equivalently.
Rezoning must happen every 10 years

Question 18

Styles of democracy

Majoritarian

Answer 18

Winner takes all
Needs few veto players
To pass a bill legislation needs a simple majority rule (50%+1)
There IS NOT federalism (no overlapping law making ability between the national and local governing bodies).

Question 19

Styles of democracy

Consensual

Answer 19

Based on proportional representation
Needs many veto players
To pass legislation it needs a supermajority rule (anything more than 50%+1)
There IS federalism (power overlaps between the jurisdiction of national and local levels)

Question 20

Civil Liberties

Bills of Attainder

Answer 20

Congress cannot pass a bill that declares someone a criminal, they have to have a fair trial

Question 21

Civil Liberties

Habeas Corpus

Answer 21

you cannot be imprisoned without knowing what you’re being charged for (this is the most relevant one used today)

Question 22

Civil Liberties

Ex Post Facto

Answer 22

If it wasn’t declared a crime at the time you did it, you cannot be charged for doing it.

Question 23

To Pass Legislation

Answer 23

Simple Majority and signed by President

Question 24

To amend constitution

Answer 24

3/4 of states (38 states)

2/3 majority vote in congress

Question 25

Under neutrality standard,

When can government restrict freedom of religion?

Answer 25

Employment division vs Smith
The government is permitted to restrict free exercise of religion when the religion’s practice, irrelevant to the religion, is against a desired behavior in society.

Question 26

Protected Class

Answer 26

There cannot be laws that discriminate on race, religion or creed. These are protected classes. Political party, for instance, is not.

In the case of reapportionment of the Shaw vs. Reno case, reapportionment could not happen in a basis of race or location, but could be discriminated in a case of Political Party.

Question 27

Heuristics

Answer 27

Memorable things about candidates, not necessarily specific details. Enough information to make an educational guess to see which is a better candidate based off previously known information.

Question 28

Memory Model

Answer 28

voters store information about a candidate as a fact or a bullet point, it is stored as a fact and used as such

Question 29

ON-Line Model

Answer 29

voters store information as an impression rather than a fact, using vague emotions happy/unhappy, simply impression and not facts. Basically, a voter uses straight facts to vote for a candidate, or simplu cast votes on the impressions left by a candidate

Question 30

Miracle of Aggregation

Answer 30

careless and uninformed voters cancel each other out, informed and interested/invested voters swing the votes around.

Question 31

Prospective Voting

Answer 31

Choosing candidates based on their platforms and promises

Question 32

Retrospective Voting

Answer 32

Judging incumbents on their accomplishments

Question 33

Civic Voluntarism

Answer 33

The idea that citizens will bring their financial and time-volunteered support.
Rich donate money, poor donate time.