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AP Computer Science Principles > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Algorithm

A

A sequence of precise instructions that solve some problem or performs some computation (sequence, selection, repetition/iteration)

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2
Q

Program

A

an algorithm that is written in programming language that runs on a computer.

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3
Q

Event Driven Programming

A

An approach where the program’s behavior is controlled by writing code that responds to various events that occur.

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4
Q

Event

A

Something that the program can detect and respond to (initiated and automatic).

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5
Q

Abstraction

A

A simplified and general representation of some complex object or process.

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6
Q

High-Level Abstraction

A

More abstract meaning that it has a less detail or known information about the actual object contained in the abstraction.

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7
Q

Low-Level Abstraction

A

Less abstract, meaning that it has more detail or known information about the actual object contained in the abstraction.

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8
Q

Machine Language

A

A programming language that is directly readable by the computer’s CPU (bits).

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9
Q

Low-Level Programming Language

A

Similar to assembly language, it uses symbolic names, rather than binary sequences to represent machine language instructions.

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10
Q

High-Level Programming Language

A

Programming language that is closer to human language.

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11
Q

Pseudo-Code

A

An artificial and and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms (NOT a programming language).

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12
Q

Refactoring Code

A

The process of restructuring existing computer code without changing how the program behaves.

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13
Q

Debugging

A

The process of finding and fixing errors in how the program behaves.

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14
Q

Revising

A

The process of changing and/or improving how the program behaves.

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15
Q

Internet

A

A network of networks.

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16
Q

World Wide Web (WWW)

A

An application that runs on the internet.

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17
Q

Cloud Computing

A

A type of computer that uses remote servers hosted on the INternet to store, manage, and process data, rather than having the applications and data on a local server or personal computer.

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18
Q

Sequence

A

A sequence of instructions of statements that are executed in order.

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19
Q

Selection

A

A conditional instruction that lets the program branch between two or more alternatives.

20
Q

Repetition

A

A structure that repeats (loops) one or more instructions.

21
Q

Random Integer

A

The output can include both integers specified for the range.

22
Q

Random Fraction

A

The output can include 0, but not 1.

23
Q

TCIP/IP

A

A low-level transmission protocol for the Internet.

24
Q

HTTP

A

A higher-level protocol used for handling multimedia resources on the web.

25
Q

Lossy Data Compression

A

Some amount of data is being lost because this technique attempts to find and eliminate redundant information.

26
Q

Lossless Data Compression

A

An exact representation of the original file.

27
Q

What is done in App Inventor Designer View vs. BLock View?

A

The Designer view allows the coder to design and see how the app looks to the user and the block view is where the coding and components to make the app work are put together.

28
Q

What is the difference between an App Inventor components and property?

A

The difference is that a component is what appears on a device when the app is running and a property is what all components have.

29
Q

What is the difference between an event handler programming environment and a traditional programming environment? And what is similar?

A

Event handler programming environment depends on programming statements to be used to respond to events and a traditional programming environment does not need a trigger to pull data, and does not wait for events.

30
Q

Contrast a high level programming language vs a low one.

A

A high level programming language is closer to human language than a low level one which is considered machine language.

31
Q

What are 3 elements that can be used in an algorithm?

A

Sequence, selection, and repetition/iteration.

32
Q

Give 3 examples of hardware.

A

CPU, RAM, hard drive

33
Q

Describe 3 items on a typical motherboard.

A

A CPU is the central processing unit that carries the programs on a computer.
RAM is used to store data for processing by a computer’s CPU.
GPU is the general processing unit that which is specially designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images.

34
Q

Describe what each sensor components does.

A

Accelerometer (shaking), location (where you are), and orientation (which way device is being held).

35
Q

What is the difference between a set block and a get block?

A

A set block sets a value to a variable and a get block retrieves the variable.

36
Q

What is PRNG?

A

Pseudo random number generator.

37
Q

Express binary 10101101 in decimal form.

A

173

38
Q

Express decimal 61 in binary.

A

11101

39
Q

Compare advantages and disadvantages in lossy vs lossless representation.

A

Lossless compression results in a closer representation of the original media, and thus a higher quality end product. The disadvantage is that the resulting file will be larger than if you had used a lossy compression format and take longer. (x-rays)
Lossy compression can give you a smaller file size, but the resulting end product may be in some ways inferior to the original, but is faster.

40
Q

Why use a simulation instead of an experiment?

A

It is cheaper and faster., but a simulation is not necessarily accurate.

41
Q

Explain what “It’s all bits” means.

A

Everything from emails, phone calls, text messages, etc. are made up of bits.

42
Q

Contrast Big Brother vs. Little Brother.

A

Big Brother is the government watching you, and Little Brother is a person searching others up on the internet or taking pictures of other people.

43
Q

What does it mean to de-identify data?

A

To de-identify data means to prevent a person’s identity from being connected with information.

44
Q

What is the difference between even parity and odd parity? And give examples of each.

A

An even parity means that there has to be an even number of ones, and odd parity means that there has to be an odd number of ones. An example of even parity is 0110101, an example of odd parity is 0010110.

45
Q

What is the difference between even parity and odd parity? And give examples of each.

A

An even parity means that there has to be an even number of ones, and odd parity means that there has to be an odd number of ones. An example of even parity is 0110101, an example of odd parity is 0010110.

46
Q

Contrast hardware vs. software.

A

Hardware is a physical device/component and software is a collection of code installed to run on a device.

AP Computer Science Principles (1 decks)

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