midterm Flashcards
what split does the nile river form
the delta
what is the land upstream and downstream called
upstream=lower egypt
downstream/south= upper egypt
name 3 impacts of geography egypt had
- the flooding of the nile
- its natural barriers
- nile= a travel route
When it came to religion, were the egyptians polytheistic, if so name some of there gods
yes, osris, isis, atum
what was the process of “handling the dead”
- placed in a tomb
- named osris, god who resembled resurection
- then the dead would be reborn like osris
what are the three parts/time periods of Egyptian history
- old kingdom
- middle kingdom
- new kingdom
how long did the old kingdom last and what was the form of government
500 years and it was a monarchy runned by a ruler called the pharoh
did the pharoh have help? I so, what were the levels of help
yes. The pharoh had help there were three levels of his help: family, bureacrucy= administrative orginization, and there was the office of the vizier
what was the vizier in charge of
the government bureacrucy
During the old kingdom, there were structures made called pyramids, what were they for and name the three types
they were to dedicate the dead. The three types= a big pyramid for the pharoh, a smaller pyramid for his family members and a rectangular mastaba for his officials
What were the two types of bodies the egyptians believed in and what did the do to preserve the body
The egyptians believed in a spiritual and physical body. in order to preserve the body the Egyptians preformed mumification. The mummy was then placed in a tomb
Where was largest pyramid built, how long did it take to build and what guards it
The great pyramid was built at Giza by king khufu and took 20 years to build
What happened in between the old kingdom and the middle kingdom
150 years of chaos
how did the Pharaohs show wealth in the Middle Kingdom
by building temples
was there ever a woman Pharaoh if so what was her name
yes her name was ciltatshepsut
how did amenhotep destroy Society
by introducing the god named aton, then destroyed all other temples. luckily tutankheman restored of the old gods
how did the New Kingdom collapse and who ruled Egypt for the next A Thousand Years afterwards
the New Kingdom collapse due to see people’s for the next Thousand Years Egypt was dominated by Persians Nubians macedonians and bibyans
name the social classes from top to bottom and give examples
the top of the social class was the god or King then came the Pharaoh then came the upper class such as Nobles and Priests then came the merchants Artisans scribes and tax collectors which made the middle class last came lower class was comprised of peasant farmers
please explain the roles of the upper class middle class and lower class
the upper class such as the Nobles and Priests worked with the Pharaoh and managed the government. Then came the middle class who did trade and built the goods. Then came the lower class which did miliatary work and forced labor
when it came to marriage what was the general rule
monogamry was the general rule which means the girl was married to one person
how was a classic Egyptian household run
the man was the master of the household. Wives did household work and educated the children. There were arranged marriages. When there was a divorce the wife was compensated. The wife maintain her property and inheritance even when married.
what are hieroglyphics and when were they invented
hieroglyphics were the Egyptian form of writing using pictures invented in 3000 BCE. The simpler version is hieratic script which was used for business transactions record-keeping and daily life. Boys learned to write
what were some Egyptian achievements in Art and Science
Egyptians made many monuments such as pyramids and temples. Their art was very distinct. They made mathematic advances as well such as geometry. They made an accurate 365 day calendar.
what did historians recently find
a 4k year old nomadic civilization
name two facts about pastoral nomads
they domesticated animals and they’re viewed as barbaric but they still did trade
who are the most important Nomads and where did they live
the indo-europeans and they live north of the Black Sea
what is the hittite kingdom and name some facts about them
they are a nomadic group that moved into Asia Minor 1750 BCE they made use of iron and in 1200 BCE they were destroyed by the Sea peoples
who are the Phoenicians where did they live and what were the three famous cities
they lived on the Palestine coast and their three famous cities are byblus, t y r e, and Sidon
what were the Phoenicians famous for creating
they were famous for creating The Phoenician alphabet which had 22 letters and eventually was passed on to the Greeks
where did the ancient Israelites live and where do they go and what book did they follow
they live south of the Phoenicians they follow the Old Testament in Judaism and eventually they went to Egypt
how did the Israelites split after Solomon died
10 tribes went to Israel their Capital was Samaria the other two tribes went to Judah where Jerusalem was their capital
who conquered the Jews and in what section did they conquer
the Assyrians conquered the Kingdom of Israel the Chaldeans conquered the kingdom of Judah later the Persians conquered the Chaldeans in the Jews return to Jerusalem and remained like that until Alexander the Great
the Jews were monotheistic true or false
true
did monotheism separate Jews from the other religions
yes
when was the Assyrian Empire established what was the type of speaking that they did where were they located and what parts of the world did they include
it was established in 700 BCE. They are Semitic speaking. They’re located by the Tigris River. They included in Mesopotamia and parts of other societies such as Asia Minor, Palestine, Syria and other parts of societies
when and to who did the Assyrian Empire fall
they fell in 612 BCE to the Chaldean and the medes
how was Assyria ruled and name two things that the Assyrians were good at
it was ruled by an absolute King they were good at communications conquering others
who was Nabuhadnezer and what type of ruler was he and what did he make the leading state of Asia
he was a Chaldean ruler and he made Babylonia the leading state in Asia
who was Cyrus what did he create and what was famous for
a Persian leader created the first-person state after he conquered Babylonia and 539 Bce and was famous for his building designs
who was cambyees and Darius and what are they famous for
cambyees is famous for invading Egypt and Darius is famous for extending Persia’s borders to the Indus River
what were satrapies, who were they ruled by and what were immortals
satrapies were provinces that Darius set up they were ruled by satraps and immortals were the cavalry force
how did the Persian Empire fall?
the Persian Empire fell because of the Kings. The Kings implemented more taxes which week in the monarchy. The Kings were not discipline and the brothers killed each other for the throne this led to the conquest by Alexander the Great.
what is the Persian religion who is there god?
the religion is Zoroastrianism and their God is ahurahmazda
name some geographical features of India
the Himalayan Mountains the Indus River valleys in the Ganges river valleys in the Deccan Plateau.
what is the primary feature of Indian climate
the monsoon which is a seasonal wind
around what time. Was India’s first civilization and where was it
it was 3000 BCE to one and a half thousand BCE and it was by the Valley of the Indus River
what was the early Indian civilization called and name two cities that were in the civilization
it was called the Indus civilization and two cities are harappa and mohenjo da r o
what was something that the people of the early Indus civilization were good at
they were good at being organized and having arranged systems as seen with harappa and Mohenjo-daro
name a fact about early Indian rulers and what was their Economy based on
early Indian rulers were considered Divine and the economy was based on farming
what happened to the Indus civilization
the Aryans arrived there which were a bad group of nomadic people and part of the indo-europeans they eventually controlled most of India
what did the Aryans changed after they moved to India and did they have a language and what were their rulers called
the Aryans change from a nomadic way of life to a farming way of life they had a language that was based off of what they spoke and it was called Sanskrit. Their rulers were called Rajas
what was the Indian social system called and how were the levels determined
your social system was called the caste system in it was based on the person’s occupation economic potential and position in society
what was each level of the caste system called and name the levels and who were in each level
the levels of the caste system were called varna’s. the first Varna were members of the Priestly class. the second Foreigner was made up of the Warriors. The third Varna was made up of the commoners like merchants and Farmers. The fourth Varna was the majority of the population such as peasants and other manual workers. The lowest class was not even considered a Varna they were called The Untouchables they collected trash and handled the dead they were subhuman.
was the Indian household patriarchal how many generations lived in one house who were the young men taught by.
yes the Indian household was patriarchal. 3 generations lived in one house. Young men were taught by gurus
what was the religious belief of Hinduism
Hinduism was the belief of the Aryans they believed in a single Force called the Brahman
what was reincarnation like for Hinduism
it appeared in Hinduism by the 6th Century BCE the soul is reborn in a different way after death.
what is karma and what is karma ruled by
karma is the force generated by once actions to determine how the person will be reborn in the next life. Karma is ruled by Dharma which is Divine Law.
what is Buddhism and who founded it?
Buddhism is a Doctrine invented in sixth Century BCE in Northern India by Siddhartha Gautama the Buddha or the enlightened one.
what is the story of Buddhism and Siddhartha Gautama?
Siddhartha Gautama began to seek for cure to human suffering he first practice self denial and then it practice meditation that is Buddhism.
according to Buddhism why was suffering caused and what was reality
the suffering was caused due to the desire to satisfy and reality is really an illusion. in order to end desire the Buddhist follow the middle path which is an 8 step process to end desires
did Siddhartha Gautama reincarnation and on the caste system
Siddhartha agreed on reincarnation but not on the caste
who founded the mauryan Dynasty when was the foundation of the mauryan dynasty and how is the Empire divided
chandragupta was the first ruler and it was established in 250 BCE and the King divided the empire into provinces by Governors with an army and secret police
who is the next ruler after chandragupta what was his philosophies that he used and what is he considered
the next ruler was Asoka he’s considered to be the greatest Indian ruler and he used Buddhist ideas
what was the kushan kingdom how did they take over india and what are they famous for
the kushan kingdom were nomads and they took over India through trade they were famous for its the Silk Road which shipped goods and each country had special products that they traded
who was the Gupta Kingdom invented by and who was his son meaning who was the inventor son and what did the Gupta Empire become dominant in and who were they destroyed by
The Gupta kingdom was invented by a different chandragupta his son was samudragupta and the empire became a dominant political force and they were destroyed by the Huns which were nomads.
who was faxian
a Chinese traveler who praised the Gupta empire for it’s acceptance of Buddhism
what was the first Indian literature and who was it invented by
the first Indian literature were invented by the Aryans and they were religious works
what were the three architectural structures from asoka’s time
the pillar which served a religious purpose to Mark the sights of Buddha. The next structure was the stupa which served in religious purpose of the House of Buddhas and burial places. And the last architectural structure was Rock chamber which served the religious purpose of housing the monks.
what was India good at in science and math
when it came to sides it deal was good at astronomy and when it came to math and do that used algebra.
what are some geographical things in China
the Huang He River carries yellow silt and the Yangtze River empties out into the Yellow Sea they also had Geographic barriers
what was the first Chinese dynasty and what was the second Chinese dynasty and what were they ruled by
the first Chinese dynasty is the CIA Dynasty and the second Chinese dynasty is the Shang Dynasty ruled by an aristocracy with an upper class and five different capitals.
who is at the top of the Shang Dynasty Society and what did the aristocracy do
at the top of the Shang Dynasty was the Kings and the aristocracy waged War
did the Shang Dynasty have a strong belief in afterlife
yeah they did have a very strong belief in afterlife they believed spirits of ancestors brought the fortune.
did the Shang Dynasty have a strong belief in afterlife
yeah they did have a very strong belief in afterlife they believed spirits of ancestors brought the fortune.
what was the next Dynasty after the Shang Dynasty and what was their political structure
the next dynasty was the zhou Dynasty and it revolted against Shang and its political structure was the king then the bureaucracy and then the kingdom was divided into territories
what was the Mandate of Heaven in the zhou Dynasty and what was the king expected to do and what happened if he does not do that
the Mandate of Heaven was almost a lot it pretty much just said that heaven kept order in the universe and the King was expected to by way of the Dao and if he did not do that he was overthrown.
