Midterm

Question 1

3 essential components to EBCP.

Answer 1

External evidence, clinical expertise, patient values

Question 2

Within what time period should you look for published studies as a general rule?

Answer 2

Within last 5 years

Question 3

What categories of health related research exist as individual or patient related?

Answer 3

Basic sciences and clinical services

Question 4

What categories of health related research exist as population/community related?

Answer 4

Preventative medicine

Question 5

Incidence

Answer 5

Number of new cases of a disease over time

Question 6

Prevalence

Answer 6

Number of people who currently have a disease

Question 7

Describe primary research.

Answer 7

Investigators collect data and use samples (surveys/experiments/observations)

Question 8

Describe secondary research.

Answer 8

Investigators use data that has already been collected (reviews/meta-analysis)

Question 9

In which part of an article would you expect to find the description of the study design?

Answer 9

Abstract, with more details in methods

Question 10

What does R3C mean and what is it?

Answer 10

Rapid Response Resource Center. Open access to online resources.

Question 11

What does the abstract contain?

Answer 11

Short summary and an overview of methods/results

Question 12

What does the introduction contain?

Answer 12

Background and purpose, importance, relevant literature

Question 13

What does the methods section contain?

Answer 13

Study design, procedures, statistical relevance, outcome measures

Question 14

What does the results section contain?

Answer 14

Summary of sample/group, outcomes, tables and figures

Question 15

What does the discussion/conclusion contain?

Answer 15

Limitations of the study and logical analysis from the results

Question 16

What are the two types of validity and what do they mean?

Answer 16

Internal: How well did the study achieve its aim
External: “generalizability”

Question 17

The “learning effect” is described as what kind of bias?

Answer 17

Testing bias

Question 18

Describe the 5% and 20% rules of attrition bias.

Answer 18

Less than 5% attrition probably creates NO bias; More than 20% likely DOES

Question 19

In which section of an article can one find the attrition rates?

Answer 19

Results

Question 20

In which section can one find power calculations?

Answer 20

Methods

Question 21

Before starting on an article, what should one do?

Answer 21

Look for conflicts of interest

Question 22

What does ABCD FIX stand for?

Answer 22

A- Allocation concealed?
B- Blinding
C- Comparable groups
D- Drop outs
F- Follow up
I- Intention to treat
X- X factor

Question 23

Sensitivity.

Answer 23

Probability that a person with a disorder will have a positive test result (true positive)

Question 24

Specificity.

Answer 24

Probability that a person without a disorder will have a negative test result (true negative)

Question 25

SnOut vs. SpIn

Answer 25

Sensitivity rules out, specificity rules in

Question 26

Positive vs. Negative predictive values.

Answer 26

Pos- likelihood of have the disease when the test is positive
Neg- likelihood of not having disease when the test is negative

Question 27

What range of likelihood ratios generate large and often conclusive changes from a pre to post-test probability?

Answer 27

Greater than 10 is good for ruling IN condition

Less than 0.1 is good for ruling OUT condition

Question 28

Nociceptive screening would include:

Answer 28

Discogenic, facet, SI and myofascial categories

Question 29

Neuropathic screening would include:

Answer 29

Compressive, noncompressive, neurogenic claudication and centralization categories