Midterm Flashcards
3 essential components to EBCP.
External evidence, clinical expertise, patient values
Within what time period should you look for published studies as a general rule?
Within last 5 years
What categories of health related research exist as individual or patient related?
Basic sciences and clinical services
What categories of health related research exist as population/community related?
Preventative medicine
Incidence
Number of new cases of a disease over time
Prevalence
Number of people who currently have a disease
Describe primary research.
Investigators collect data and use samples (surveys/experiments/observations)
Describe secondary research.
Investigators use data that has already been collected (reviews/meta-analysis)
In which part of an article would you expect to find the description of the study design?
Abstract, with more details in methods
What does R3C mean and what is it?
Rapid Response Resource Center. Open access to online resources.
What does the abstract contain?
Short summary and an overview of methods/results
What does the introduction contain?
Background and purpose, importance, relevant literature
What does the methods section contain?
Study design, procedures, statistical relevance, outcome measures
What does the results section contain?
Summary of sample/group, outcomes, tables and figures
What does the discussion/conclusion contain?
Limitations of the study and logical analysis from the results
What are the two types of validity and what do they mean?
Internal: How well did the study achieve its aim
External: “generalizability”
The “learning effect” is described as what kind of bias?
Testing bias
Describe the 5% and 20% rules of attrition bias.
Less than 5% attrition probably creates NO bias; More than 20% likely DOES
In which section of an article can one find the attrition rates?
Results
In which section can one find power calculations?
Methods
Before starting on an article, what should one do?
Look for conflicts of interest
What does ABCD FIX stand for?
A- Allocation concealed? B- Blinding C- Comparable groups D- Drop outs F- Follow up I- Intention to treat X- X factor
Sensitivity.
Probability that a person with a disorder will have a positive test result (true positive)
Specificity.
Probability that a person without a disorder will have a negative test result (true negative)
SnOut vs. SpIn
Sensitivity rules out, specificity rules in
Positive vs. Negative predictive values.
Pos- likelihood of have the disease when the test is positive
Neg- likelihood of not having disease when the test is negative
What range of likelihood ratios generate large and often conclusive changes from a pre to post-test probability?
Greater than 10 is good for ruling IN condition
Less than 0.1 is good for ruling OUT condition
Nociceptive screening would include:
Discogenic, facet, SI and myofascial categories
Neuropathic screening would include:
Compressive, noncompressive, neurogenic claudication and centralization categories
