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Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Public affairs

A

an organizational focus on communicating public policy and public administration initiatives, sometimes with a unidirectional emphasis

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2
Q

Propaganda

A

the organized dissemination of communication materials that are not impartial in order to influence an audience’s beliefs, thoughts or action

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3
Q

Government relations

A

is a practice area in public relations that attempts to influence one or more governments to adopts your organizations point of view

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4
Q

Government PR

A

used to refer to conducting public relations on behalf of government as a government employee or contractor to government

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5
Q

Lobbying

A

involves direct contact with elected representatives such as gov cabinet ministers, to attempt to influence their decision making

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6
Q

Public affairs

A

has been used synonymously for meaning PR divisions within gov or corporations

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7
Q

Threefold typology of GPR

A

Mandatory: democratic purposes of gov PR
Optional: dramatic purposes of gov pr
Dangerous: political purposes of gov pr

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8
Q

3 main benefits of GPR practices

A
  1. Accomplish the democratic responsibilities associated with the public sector
  2. Implement the central mission of their agencies on a cost-effective and efficient basis
  3. Contribute to public support for their agencies
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9
Q

Economics meaning

A

custom or law

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10
Q

Theoretical model of politics

A

Society-> demands-> political system-> outputs-> feedback to society

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11
Q

5 approaches to study of politics

A
  1. Institutional
  2. State-based
  3. Sociological
  4. Social psychology
  5. Rational choice
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12
Q

Power

A

is often defined in this discipline as the ability of one actor to impose its will on another, to get is own way, to do or get what it wants

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13
Q

Two types of power

A

coercion, based on punishment of the state’s subjects, and authority, the latter based on legitimacy

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14
Q

Government:

A

referes to the set of organizations that make, enforce and administer collective, public decisions for a society

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15
Q

3 types of institutional power

A
  1. Legislative power: the power to create laws and public policies
  2. Executive power: the power to enforce laws and administer public policies
  3. Judicial power: the power to interpret the law
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16
Q

Public opinion (2)

A
  • the institutional practice of statistically measuring public support for making decisions, initiates and policies
  • the media are the primary info source for public opinion
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17
Q

The spectrum of political conflict

A
  1. Peace
  2. Not peace/ not war
  3. Conflict
  4. Total war
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18
Q

Overlapping bodies of literature and areas of study in GPR

A

Gov pr, (politics, public policy, and Public administration), Journalism and media democracy

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19
Q

3 levels of gov

A
  1. Federal
  2. Provincial (territorial/ regional)
  3. Municipal (local)
  4. Intergovernmental forms (i.e.: the conference board of Canada)
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20
Q

Classic federalism

A

each level of government focuses on its own interests (i.e.: canada until the end of WWII)

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21
Q

Cooperative federalism

A

the various levels working together (i.e.: canada’s welfare state that developed until the en of WWII)

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22
Q

Executive federalism

A

Coined by Donald Smiley- the relations between elects and appointed officials of the two orders of government in federal-provincial interactions and amount the executives of the provinces in interprovincial interactions

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23
Q

Multinational federalism

A

differences of culture, language ad region are reflected in the constitutions

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24
Q

Local autonomy

A

increases citizen engagement and participation

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25
Enhancing competiiveness
the levels of government must compete for resources, including the attention of citizens
26
The rule of law
ensures a foundation of trust with the citizenry
27
Complexity
modern institutionalism creates stable civil society organizations that reflect and support democracy
28
Collaborative federalism
we found the collaboration since the 1980s has often been based on provincialism and regionalism to hold the prime minister to account
29
Asymmetrical federalism
collaborative federalism has led some theorists to argue that the symmetry principle of federalism is not being followed
30
Intergovernmental relations
means the relations between any two (or among more than two) gov bodies
31
political culture
the attitudes, values and beliefs that give order to the political process and provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behaviour
32
Factors affecting political culture 4
geography, demography, three founding cultures, continentalism
33
What are the main ministries (6)
- environment - health care - immigration - energy industry - Trade (nafta) - indigenous relations
34
Chief electoral officer (non partisan)
-responsible for the overall administration of the election, monitors voting list creation, the nomination process, and the overall election day process
35
Factors that affect voting 5
- party identification - region - rural/urban divide - class - apathy
36
political party
any group seeking to elect a gov office holder under a given label any group seeking both power and influence
37
Brokerage parties
-reject ideological stances
38
ideological parties
-seek to present electorate with policy choices emphasizing reform and reorganizing of society
39
Cadre parties 2
- not very democratic in decision-making processes and structures - small, largely uninvolved membership
40
Mass parties
- large, active membership engaged in policy development | - more democratic in decision-making structures and process
41
Canada's four historical party system
1. The first party system 1867-1921 2. The second party system 1921-1957 3. The third party system 1957-1993 4. The fourth party system 1993-2015
42
Ideology and party policy 2
- progressive conservatism is dominant in all 3 parties (constant balancing between business/economic interests) - pragmatic of approach allows governing party to lean left or right as circumstances dictate
43
The Canadian party system
is a competitive 3 party system characterized by one-party dominance for most of canadas history because we are easy to govern b/c of prosperity, skillful leadership ect
44
Party leadership review clauses
how a leader can resign or be removed
45
Party convention
all parties have constructions that include basic objectives, structures and procedures; generally conventions are held every two years
46
Prominent issues
are obtrusive and affect a significant number of people (i.e.: 9/11)
47
Sensational issues
are unobtrusive and affect a select few people- generally rise through media (i.e.: crime)
48
Governmental issues
also unobtrusive and affect a few people (i.e.: debt)
49
Types of interest groups 7
- institutional - mature - fledging - issue oriented - conservative - moderate - militant
50
Interest groups point of access 5
- first minister - cabinet - senior bureaucrats - media, public opinion - federal-provincial relations
51
Really simple syndication (RSS) feed
-has created the automation of news delivery online- every social media feed uses rss
52
True majority government
a gov where the roiling party has 50% or more of the seats in the house, and 50% or more of the popular vote
53
False majority government
occurs when the roiling party has 50% or more of the seats in the house, but less than 50% of the popular vote
54
coalition gov
- occurs when a large party has a plurality in the legislature but not a majority - in this event, the party gains a majority by offering cabinet seats or some form of alliance to another smaller party
55
Minority gov
occurs when the roiling party has less than 50% of the house seats and less than 50% of the popular cote
56
Prime Minister's roles include 6
- cabinet maker - party leader - chief policymaker - chief personnel manager - controller of gov organization - advisor to governor general
57
What are the most important central agencies? (5)
- PMO - cabinet office - the policy council - the department of finance - treasury board secretariat
58
Priority setting
- strategic direction for key issues - throne speeches - fiscal and economic statements, budget statements, department business plans
59
4 main categories for cabinet decisions
- policy decisions - statutory decisions - financial decisions - resource decisions
60
Routinized political windows
these windows are predictable and often cyclical that can open based on institutionalized procedures
61
Spillover problem windows
are those that occur when an open policy window widens to include other developing or on-going policy issues (i.e.: 9/11 terrorists activity led to simultaneous changes in foreign affairs)
62
Discretionary political windows
are less predictable windows that develop from the behaviour of individual political actors (i.e.: pressure groups)
63
Random problem windows
are completely unpredictable windows that develop from crises
64
Policy instruments 9
- privatization - symbolic response (royal commission) - exhortation (PR campaign to persuade) - tax expenditure - public expenditures - regulation - taxation - public ownership - state of emergency
65
Fiscal budget approaches 3
- Canada-wide sharing - Provincial sharing - Dual sharing (i.e.: english and french communities)
66
Personal income tax 2
the largest single source of revenues (about 60%) | -shared with the provincial gov
67
Three types of institutional power
1. Legislative power: power to create laws and public policies 2. Executive Power: power to enforce laws and administer public policies 3. Judicial power: power to interpret law
68
Government Relations
a practice area in PR that attempts to influence one or more governments to adopt your organization's POV
69
Constitution
the whole body of rules and principles according to which the state is governed that in the Canadian case, consists of a conglomeration of documents and conventions
70
State of Westminster
1931 British law that declared Canada and other dominions to fully independent
71
Supreme court act
1875 law that provided for the the supreme court of Canada and the services as a legal base for the institution in the absence of further constitutional entrenchment
72
Canada act
1982 passed by British
73
Constitutional conventions
unwritten rules of constitutional behavior that are considered to be binding by and upon those who operate the constitution
74
BNA Act
1867 British Parliament created canada by combining the eastern provinces
75
Quiet revolution
new change in values and attitudes by French canadians that characterized Quebec in 1960's
76
Constitution act
1982 major amendment to Canadian constitution - aboriginal rights and change to divisions of power
77
Meech Lake Accord
1987 package of constitutional amendments intended to bring Quebec back into the constitutional fold
78
Regulations are developing around
Equity and transparency
79
Political spectrum from left to right
NDP, BLOC, Greens, Liberals, Progressive Conservatives, Conservatives, Reform Alliance
80
Elections called when
Fixed dates (every 4 years) PM loses a vote of confidence in HOC PM advises governor general to call an election
81
Safe seats
Constituencies that single party can be assured of winning every time
82
Absent mandate
the notion that governments come to power without a clear-cut policy mandate
83
Political participation
those voluntary activities by citizens that are intended to influence the selection of gov leaders or the decisions they make
84
of ministers and ministers of state
25 ministers | 6 ministers of state

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