Midterm Flashcards
Tehotihuacan
One of oldest precolonial cities
Tenochtitlan
Most important city in precolonial Mexico (today Mexico City)
Cahokia
Pre-colombian native american (Caddoan) city in Missourri (MOUNDS)
Chaco Canyon
Cliff dwelling people built sun calendar, figured out the cycles of the moon, and built a ceremonial city
Reconquista (1492)
Effort by Spanish to retake Spain from the moors
New Spain
(Mexico) Established by Hernan Cortez
How did Cortez beat the Aztecs?
Allied with tribal enemies
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
Wrote account of his travels through America (became a sensation)
- Accidentally landed in Florida, went by land all the way to Texas for 8 yrs
Hernando De Soto
Looked for treasure (inspired by Cabeza de Vaca)
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Looked for treasure in Texas, found nothing -> led to Tx being ignored for 100 yrs
Juan de Onate
- Founded Santa Fe
- Killed, enslaved indians
- Started Pueblo-Presidio system
Pueblo Revolt
Pueblo Indians had enough of Pueblo-Presidio system in Santa Fe (Killed Spaniards, drove them out)
Techas means
friend
French La Salle Expeditions
3 Trips around Mississippi river, met Caddo Indians, French set up missions
Sanctuary Decree
King of Spain declared any escaped slave from Charlestown would be set free
San Agustin & Charlestown
Border forms between Spanish and English towns -> rising tensions
Deepest natural port
Pensacola
Los Adaes
Spanish town across border of French in Natchitoches
San Antonio de Bexar
Fort
San Antonio de Valero
Mission
Comanches were known for being
masters of horseback
La Bahia
Spanish fort in Goliad
Sistema de Castas
Caste system based on background (not so much race), allowed for levels of citizenship
French & Indian War
International War where French lost and withdrew from N.A, forming new borders
Toussant L’Ouverture
Haitian revolutionary, made US, Spain, scared
Miguel Hidalgo
Wanted reform, led troops into Guanajuato, captured, killed
Juan Bautista de las Casas
Led revolt in San Antonio
Treaty of Cordoba
Mexican independence after Spain surrenders
Battle of Medina
Battle to declare Mx, later Tx, independence from spain (bloodiest battle in Tx history)
James Long
Marched to Nacogdoches to declare Texan Independence but was later captured at la Bahia
Adams Onis Treaty
Sold Florida to US, defined US v Spanish border
Moses Austin
Saw real estate opportunity in bringing American settlement into Tx
Baron de Bastrop
Multilingual mayor of San Antonio who met with Moses Austin and struck a deal
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Drew line West to define how new states would enter the Union
Stephen F Austin
Moses’ son who continued negotiations (this time with Mexico) to move Anglos into Texas (Austin’s Colony)
Slavery in Mexico in 1800s
Each state had own interpretation, but let Anglos bring own slaves
Natchez Trace
Dirt path people used to get to Texas from Tennessee
Mexican Constitution of 1824
Focused on State Power over Federal, Slavery remained ambiguous
Republic of Fredonia
Founded by Hayden Edwards when his son in law lost election in Nacogdoches
Tejano
Mexicans in Tx
Texian
Anglos in TX
Coahuila Tejas
Single Mexican state where question of slavery got heated
Coahuila crackdown on slavery
Declared any child born to a slave would be free
Tx slaveholders response to Coahuila crackdown
Declared slaves indentured servants for 99 yrs
Spanish attempt to retake Mx
Defeated by Santa Anna
Anastasio Bustamante
President of Mx pushed for fed govt power and made slavery illegal
Santa Anna
Mexican leader who believed in State power, overthrew Bustamante, repealed slavery law
Santa Anna change of mind
became a federalist once in power, removed legislature
Mx State Rebellions
State rebellions across Mx in response to Santa Anna seize of power (squashed by army)
Will Travis
Led Texans to Anahuac to force Mx to stop collecting customs tax
First Texan meeting of action
Washington on the Brazos
Mexican army at Alamo largely untrained except
Cavalry
Martin Perfecto de Cos
Lost San Antonio to Texans
Alamo siege lasted
13 days
Runaway scrape
Exhaust Mexican army through retreat
Battle of San Jacinto
Sam Houston attacks Santa Anna w/ overwhelming victory
Armistice
Forced agreement that Santa Anna signed to leave Texas
Treaties of Velasco
Public: hostilities would end, remove troops, restore property (slaves)
Private: S.A. pledged to use influence to recognize TX
Broken by both sides
Zacatecas Revolt
First attempt to centralize affairs of states against govt of Santa Anna
Houston good friends with
President Jackson
__ % of Texans voted to join US, even though they weren’t admitted immediately
97
Republic of Texas lasted
9 yrs
President Mirabeau Lamar
2nd President
Second Seminole War
Florida: Seminoles angry after Indian Removal Act
Lamar and Houston relationship
Political enemies
___ pursued Indian extermination
Mirabeau Lamar
Lamar changed capital from
Houston to Waterloo (Austin)
Santa Fe Expedition
Texas sends people to Santa Fe to see if citizens want to attack Mexico, botched, arrested, captured
Mier Expedition
Houston orders militia to pursue Mexicans after they invaded. Leads to a defeat
How does Houston play US to trick into getting annexed
Played up alliance w Britain
___ said annexation of Tx was essential to preserve slavery
John C Calhoun
Wilmot Proviso
American law to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico
Manumission
Gradually free slaves, but don’t include in “white society”
William Garrisson
abolitionist who opposed Texas admission
Andrew Jackson was a
Democrat
Whigs were ___ slavery
against
Whigs became the
Free Soil Party
Anson Jones
“Architect of annexation”
Before Annexation, John O. Sullivan urged to admit Texas through
Manifest Destiny
General Scott
Landed in Veracruz, marched troops to DF
Cause of US Mexican War
US wanted North of Mexico
Free Soil Party became
Republican Party
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Huge MX secession
Gadsden Purchase
US bought Arizona/New Mexico land from Mexico
