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History 201 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Coolie

A

What: indentured servants whose condition was close to slavery
When: came at the same time that ambitious or impoverished Europeans were crossing the Atlantic
What: Chinese
Where: Hawaii, Australia, South and Central America, and the Carribean

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2
Q

Chinese/Transcontinental Rail Road

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Railroad created for communication between newer western states and eastern states. Chinese immigrants helped build this as a means for making money

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3
Q

Comstock Lode

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What: Lode discovered by Henry Comstock. Major discovery of lode of silver
When: 1859
Where: Washoe District

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4
Q

19th Century Popular Image of the American West

A

…

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5
Q

Chief Joseph

A

Who: Leader of Nez Perce
Where: Wallowa Valley in Oregon
Why: Tribe was forced to leave to a reservation. Lost many tribal people due to war with American soldiers.

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6
Q

Sand Creek Massacre

A

When: 1864
Where: Eastern Colorado
Who: Arapaho and Cheyenne
What: In an attempt to regain territory, Indians attacked stagecoach lines. In response, a militia was called up and killed 133 Indians.

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7
Q

Wounded Knee

A

When: 1890
Where: Wounded Knee, South Dakota
Who: Sioux people and Seventh Cavalry
What: The Seventh Calvary tried to round up 350 Sioux people. Fighting broke out and 300 of the Indians died.

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8
Q

Dawes Act 1887

A

When: 1887
What: Provided for the gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land and the allotment to individual owners

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9
Q

Rockefeller

A

Who: John D Rockefeller
When: Late nineteenth century
What: 1. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil/Standard Oil Company
2. Had large monopoly on oil in US (90 %)

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10
Q

Important Centers (cities) for steel production

A
  1. Pittsburgh
  2. Birmingham
  3. Cleveland
  4. Detroit
  5. Chicago
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11
Q

Orville and Wilbur Wright

A

What: Constructed a glider that led to the first human flight
Where: Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
When: 1903

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12
Q

Henry Ford and Assembly Line

A

When: 1914
What: Cut time for assembling and enabled Ford to raise his worker’s wages and and reduce their hours while still cutting the base price of the Model T

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13
Q

Social Darwinism and Industrial Capitalism/Economy

****************

A

A theory that in human society only the fittest individuals survived and flourished in the marketplace

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14
Q

Haymarket Square Riot

A

Where: Chicago (Haymarket Square)
What: Strikes at The McCormick Harvester Company escalated when the police killed four people. A day later the strike was still going, someone threw a bomb and killed seven police.
When: 1886

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15
Q

Carnegie and the Gospel of Wealth

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Who: Andrew Carnegie (steel magnate and wrote Gospel of Wealth)
What: Book that says the wealthy should consider all revenues in excess of their own needs as “trust funds” to be used for the good of the community. (Wealthy people believed it was their duty to use their riches to advance social progress)
When: Written in 1901

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16
Q

Knights of Labor

A

When: Founded in 1869
What: The first genuinely national labor organization
Who: 1. Membership open to all workers and most business/professional people (welcomed women)
2. No lawyers, bankers, liquor dealers, or professional gamblers

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17
Q

Molly Maguires

A

What: A militant labor organization that attempted to intimidate the coal operators through violence and occasionally murder
Where: Anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania
When: 1870s

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18
Q

Jacob Riis

A

What: Photographer of tenement life in NYC and wrote How The Other Half Lives.
When: H.T.O.H.L. came out in 1890

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19
Q

Immigration Restriction League

A

What: Group dedicated to the belief that immigrants should be screened (literacy tests & and other ways to separate desirable from undesirable.) The league avoided crude conspiracy unlike the American Protective Association
When: Founded in 1894
Where: Boston

20
Q

Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed

A

What: William M. Tweed was the most famously corrupt boss, boss of Tammany Hall, excesses landed him in jail in 1872
When: 1860s & 1870s

21
Q

Stalwart and Half Breeds Political Battles

A

What: Competing for control of Republican party

Stalwart:

  1. Leader-Roscoe Conkling
  2. Favored traditional, professional machine politics

Half-Breed:

  1. Leader-James G. Blaine
  2. Favored reform

1880 - Republicans retain presidency in part due to the ticket having a Half-Breed and a Stalwart

22
Q

Chester Arthur and the Pendleton Act

A

What: Act required that some federal jobs be filled by competitive written examinations rather than by patronage
Why: Arthur wanted to follow an independent course and promote reform
When: 1883

23
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890

A

What: Act passed that tried to prohibit combinations that restrain competition but it had almost no impact. (National act instead of the preceding state laws)

24
Q

Interstate Commerce Act 1887

A

What:

  1. Banned discrimination in rates between long and short hauls
  2. Required that railroads publish their rate schedules and file them with the government
  3. Declared that all interstate rail rates must be “reasonable and just”

Act had little effect.

25
Q

Cross of Gold Speech

A

What: Speech delivered by William Jennings in which he defended “free silver”; one of the most famous political speeches in American History; led to his nomination for president next day
When: 1896
Where: Democratic National Convention

26
Q

Queen Liluokalani

A

What: Set out to challenge the growing American control of the islands. The U.S. eliminated Hawaiian sugar as a position in international trade. A revolution was staged, and when U.S. came to help the queen yielded her authority.
Who: Queen of Hawaiian Islands, powerful nationalist
When: Elected in 1891; yielded power in 1893

27
Q

Spanish American War

A

What:
Reasons for war-
1. A letter written by Spanish minister, Dubuy de Lome, was stolen by a spy. The letter called President McKinley a weak man and “a bidder for the admiration of the crowd”
2. American battleship Maine blew up in Havana Harbor. Americans thought the Spanish had sunk the ship (it was an interior explosion)
Smaller reason…
3. Spain refused to negotiate with rebels, and they reserved the right to resume hostilities at its discretion

When: April-August 1898

A.K.A. - “a splendid little war”

28
Q

1901 Platt Amendment

A

What:

  1. Barred Cuba from making treaties with other nations (giving U.S. control of Cuban foreign policy.)
  2. Gave U.S. right to intervene in Cuba to preserve independence, life, and property.
  3. Required Cuba to permit American naval stations on its territory

(Pressured Cuba into incorporating U.S.’s terms into its constitution)

29
Q

Muckrakers

A

What: first people to articulate the new spirit of reform were crusading JOURNALISTS who began to direct public attention toward social, economic, and political injustices

30
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

Who: Muckraker had enormous study on Standard Oil trust (published first in magazines, then as a two volume book)

31
Q

Settlement House Movement

A

What: Communal house (for young college women, immigrants, and others)

  1. Sought to help immigrant families adapt to the language and customs of their new country
  2. Avoided the condescension and moral disapproval of earlier philanthropic efforts
32
Q

Progressive Era “New Woman”

A

What: Women had more time on their hands with technological advances in the home and having less kids. They could get new jobs and spend less time at home.

33
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

What:
Gave the U.S. the right to…

  1. Oppose European intervention in the Western Hemisphere
  2. Could intervene in the domestic affairs of its neighbors if those neighbors proved unable to maintain order and national sovereignty on their own .
34
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A

What: Extending American investments into less developed regions
Who William Howard Taft & Philander C. Knox

35
Q

Triple Entente 1914

A

What: Alliance between Britain, France, Russia (had big conflict with Triple Alliance)

36
Q

Chief Rivalry in Europe on the Eve of WWI

A

What: Great Britain and Germany

37
Q

Spark that started WWI

A

What:

1. German submarine sinks British passenger ship Lusitania

38
Q

Zimmerman Telegram

A

What: A telegram from Arthur Zimmerman (German foreign minister) to the Mexican government saying they should join forces if U.S. and Germany go to war and they could get their “lost provinces” back (Texas among others)
When: 1917

39
Q

WWI American Ground Troops experiences

A

What: Trench warfare characterized the conflict - newly improved machine guns, higher-powered artillery, tanks, flamethrowers, and mustard gas.

40
Q

Sabotage and Sedition Acts 1918

A

What: Expanded the meaning of the Espionage Act to make illegal any public expression of opposition to the war

Allowed officials to prosecute anyone who criticized the president or the government

41
Q

1920 Products that grew dramatically in use in America

A

What: Automobiles, steel, rubber, glass, tool companies, gasoline, and radio

42
Q

Welfare Capitalism

A

What: Paternalistic techniques; brought many workers important economic benefits (shortened workweek, increased pay, paid vacations, etc.)

43
Q

Causes of the Great Depression

A

What:

  1. Stock Market Boom (and Black Tuesday)
  2. Lack of diversification in business
  3. Maldistribution of wealth
  4. Credit structure / reckless investing
  5. Declining exported goods
  6. Unstable international debt structure
44
Q

Dust Bowl 1930s

A

What: One of the worst droughts in the history of the nation. Swarms of grasshoppers went region to region eating what few crops did grow. Great dust storms (black blizzards) swept across the plains suffocating livestock or people outside.
Where: Great Plains of the South and West; stretching from Texas to Dakotas
When: All of the 1930s

45
Q

Scottsboro Case

A

Nine black teenagers were arrested for fighting (on a train,) but then later accused of rape by two girls who were also on the train. They were charged with the death penalty but eventually all the boys got out of prison.

46
Q

Southern Tenant Farmers Union

A

…

47
Q

Hawley Smoot Tariff 1930

A

What: Increased protection from international competition on seventy-five farm products

History 201 (2 decks)

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