Midterm

Question 1

Hierarchy of Needs focuses on going from basic survival needs (food, water, shelter); up to safety; love or belonging to a group; esteem; and finally self actualization, where something is done for an inner joy and satisfaction, not for external rewards.

Answer 1

Maslow

Question 2

Two-Factor Theory focuses on higher and lower order needs, called hygiene factors - pay, benefits, working conditions, supervision, interpersonal relations, and motivators - recognition, achievement, the work itself, opportunities for advancement.

Answer 2

Herzberg

Question 3

Focuses on three types of needs - need for affiliation, need for achievement, need for power. All exist in each person, but at different levels.

Answer 3

McClelland

Question 4

Reinforcement Theory focuses on behavior modification through positive feedback for desirable behavior (generally ignoring poor behavior) and modification towards the desired behavior will occur.

Answer 4

Skinner

Question 5

Equity Theory states that people will equalize their work according to what equity rewards they see themselves and others get. For example, if someone is working hard and gets the same reward as slower workers, that person will tend to also work more slowly.

Answer 5

Adam’s

Question 6

Expectancy Theory focuses on the amount of work put into a job will depend on the outcome or reward a person expects. For example, if a worker thinks he will get promoted if her works overtime, he is more likely to put in extra hours.

Answer 6

Vroom’s

Question 7

Cognitive Dissonance states that a source of motivation is the desire to remove any dissonance, either by avoiding uncomfortable situations or by trying to change those situations.

Answer 7

Festinzer

Question 8

You are a group leader and one member of the group does not come to many meetings and does not do his or her share of the work. Think about what you would do to motivate that person. Which TWO theories should be used in this situation?

Answer 8

Vroom’s and Skinner

Question 9

Executing Domain

Answer 9

knowing how to make things happen. Having the ability to catch an idea and make it happen.

Question 10

Relationship Building Domain

Answer 10

Being the glue that holds the team together

Question 11

Strategic Thinking Domain

Answer 11

keep everyone focused on what could be

Question 12

Influence Domain

Answer 12

help team reach broader audience

Question 13

Your group is preparing a presentation for a course. Two people want to be the presenters, but have no experience (they want practice). You have several members with excellent communication skills. Think about what you would do. Which TWO theories should be used in this situation?

Answer 13

McClelland and Herzberg

Question 14

One of your courses is very hard and almost no one earns an ‘A’, very few ‘B’, mostly ‘C’, ‘D’ and below. Would it be best for you to put a lot of time in this course or the other courses you are taking with this course. Which TWO theories would apply in this situation?

Answer 14

Vroom’s and McClelland

Question 15

List the three key research findings associated with the most effective leaders related to strengths based leadership

Answer 15

1. Are always investing in strengths
2. Surround themselves with the right people and then maximize their team
3. Understand their followers’ needs

Question 16

Many of your friends are encouraging you to run for SGA president and you are quite interested in pursing it, but you know it will detract from your coursework and your grades may drop. Think about what you might do in this situation. Which TWO theories would apply in this situation?

Answer 16

Maslow and McClelland

Question 17

You are frustrated with your work group because they seem to want to goof off during meetings and you want to get the job done and done well. Think about what you would do to motivate them. Which TWO theories should be used in this situation?

Answer 17

Festinzer and McClelland

Question 18

Analyzes the entire organization and is a macro perspective since the organization is the unit examined

Answer 18

organizational theory

Question 19

A message is complete when it contains all of the information necessary to achieve a common understanding between the sender and the receiver

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Task-oriented leaders are predicted by Fiedler’s Contingency Model of Leadership to be most effective

Answer 20

in very favorable or very unfavorable situations.

Question 21

Theory X and Theory Y:

Answer 21

represent basic assumptions about human behavior that can be held by managers

Question 22

The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership is based on

Answer 22

expectancy theory

Question 23

The four layers of diversity from the core to the outer layer are:

Answer 23

Personality, Internal Dimensions, External Dimensions and Organizational Dimensions

Question 24

Which management style in the managerial grid reflects impoverished management?

Answer 24

1(task), 1(people) management

Question 25

Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Physical Ability, Ethnicity and Race are part of the layers of diversity. Which layer do these individual dimensions of who we are relate to?

Answer 25

Internal Dimensions

Question 26

__________ involves the self-assessment of one's own feeling and the feeling of others to guide one's own thinking and action

Answer 26

Emotional Intelligence

Question 27

Based on strengths based leadership a good team member has to be well-rounded.

Answer 27

false

Question 28

An important but simple lesson provided by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory is that

Answer 28

What motivates one worker may not motivate another.

Question 29

Expectancy is defined as

Answer 29

an individual's perception that his or her effort will positively influence his or her performance.

Question 30

A set of congruent behaviors, practices, attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations is referred to as:

Answer 30

Cultural Competency

Question 31

Which management style in the managerial grid reflects country club management?

Answer 31

1(task), 9(people) management

Question 32

Effective communication depends on messages that are

Answer 32

clear and complete

Question 33

The management theory that views workers as self-motivating, interested in their work, having a need to achieve and be recognized, etc., is:

Answer 33

Theory Y.

Question 34

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, the prime motivator(s) of behavior at any particular time

Answer 34

is the lowest unsatisfied need within the hierarchy

Question 35

The withholding of part of a message by the sender because the sender thinks either the receiver doesn't want to hear that part of the message or that it is unimportant is called

Answer 35

filtering

Question 36

Effective communication requires that the sender translate the message into a form that

Answer 36

can be understood by the receiver.

Question 37

A major influence on organizational behavior has been:

Answer 37

the behavioral disciplines

Question 38

The study of organizational behavior provides a set of tools that help

Answer 38

people to understand, analyze, and describe what goes on in an organization

Question 39

The process that confirms that a message has been received and properly understood is called

Answer 39

the feedback loop.

Question 40

University of Michigan researchers found that two main types of behaviors categorize most leader behaviors. These are employee-centered behaviors and job-oriented behaviors. These behaviors correspond with the leader behaviors respectively identified by the Ohio State studies as

Answer 40

consideration and initiating structure

Question 41

The process by which the receiver interprets or tries to make sense of the message the sender is trying to transmit is called

Answer 41

decoding

Question 42

The types of needs addressed in Alderfer's theory are

Answer 42

existence, relatedness, and growth

Question 43

Charismatic leaders are characterized by their ability to

Answer 43

provide a vision to organizational members

Question 44

The two distinct leadership styles in Fiedler's Contingency Model of Leadership are referred to as

Answer 44

task-oriented and relationship-oriented

Question 45

In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory of motivation, the most basic needs in the hierarchy are

Answer 45

physiological

Question 46

Blake and Mouton developed a two-dimensional view of leadership style that identifies various leadership positions as to their "concern for people" and their "concern for production." This theory is called the:

Answer 46

managerial grid

Question 47

All of the following are true about the Leader-Member Exchange Theory of Leadership EXCEPT

Answer 47

out-groups are necessarily larger than in-groups

Question 48

The three situational characteristics in Fiedler's Contingency Model of Leadership are position power, leader-member relations, and task structure

Answer 48

True

Question 49

All of the following are examples of nonverbal communication EXCEPT

Answer 49

tone of voice

Question 50

According to Fiedler's model, Lucy feels she is in a highly favorable leadership situation. She enjoys good leader-follower relations, the task is highly structured, and she has strong position power. According to Fiedler, it would be best if Lucy were what type of leader?

Answer 50

task-oriented leader

Question 51

The management theory that views workers as disliking work, avoiding it whenever possible, have little desire for responsibility and have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems, etc., is:

Answer 51

Theory X

Question 52

John has an idea he wishes to communicate to Mary. He thinks it out and writes down his thoughts in a letter. John is engaging in the process of

Answer 52

encoding

Question 53

The three major factors in expectancy theory are

Answer 53

expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Question 54

Which management style in the managerial grid reflects team management?

Answer 54

9(task), 9(people) management

Question 55

Attitude is a mindset or a tendency to act in a particular way due to both an individual's experience and temperament.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Teddy is highly motivated by the importance of the reward he'll receive for his work in the workflow distribution of hospital admissions. It is his unsatisfied need that is driving him. In terms of expectancy theory Teddy is motivated by which of the following variables?

Answer 56

the attractiveness of the reward

Question 57

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, an individual who is frustrated in satisfying a higher-level need will

Answer 57

experience increased motivation to satisfy lower-level needs.

Question 58

The leadership theory that focuses on the unique relationship between the leader and subordinates is

Answer 58

the Leader-Member Exchange theory

Question 59

Based on strengths based leadership an individual can turn their weaknesses into strengths

Answer 59

false

Question 60

The full range of human similarities and differences in group affiliation including gender, race, ethnicity, social class, role within an organization, age, religion, sexual orientation, physical ability, and other group identities is the definition of:

Answer 60

diversity

Question 61

According to Path-Goal Theory, effective leaders must be able to determine the outcomes desired by their employees and then must be able to

Answer 61

control and provide the means by which employees can attain these outcomes.

Question 62

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory is also known as:

Answer 62

Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Question 63

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is arranged in the following order

Answer 63

physiological, safety-security, social-love-belonging, esteem, self-actualization.

Question 64

One way transformational leaders influence their subordinates is by being

Answer 64

charismatic

Question 65

Research on trait theories of leadership

Answer 65

a list of traits that identify successful leaders

Question 66

Transformational leaders do all of the following for their subordinates EXCEPT

Answer 66

increase awareness of their dependence on the organization

Question 67

Transactional and transformational leadership produce the same organizational results

Answer 67

false

Question 68

The type of leader who guides or motivates followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements is a

Answer 68

transactional leader

Question 69

Leadership can NOT

Answer 69

exist if the leader lacks the ability to use intrinsic and extrinsic motivators

Question 70

The systematic study of individual and group dynamics within an organization setting is known as:

Answer 70

organizational behavior

Question 71

A manager who is trying to apply Theory Y would

Answer 71

delegate authority for many decisions.

Question 72

In McClelland's 3-Needs Theory, the focus was on three needs called

Answer 72

achievement, power, affiliation

Question 73

Any inconsistency that a person perceives between two or more of one's attitudes or between one's behavior and attitudes is referred to as

Answer 73

Cognitive Dissonance