Midterm Flashcards
Closed society
A community in which all changes meet with fear and mistrust, a critical discussion is subject to oppression, and democratic, individualistic, and egalitarian ideologies are banished
Open society
Full of criticism and anti-dogmatism, a readiness for open discussion, dismissal of taboo and submission to authority of reason, and belief in universal brotherhood
Polemology
The discipline dealing with the explanation of causes and determinants of wars and armed conflicts
Irenology
The study of peace
Structural violence
The result of inequalities existing in societies that are economic, political, or stem from unequal access to education
What are some of the long term effects of family violence on individuals?
- Increased risk of chronic illness
- Alcohol and drug use
- Job loss (leading to economic vulnerability)
- Social isolation
Which sex is twice as likely to be victims of police reported family violence?
Females
Approximately what percent of family violence victims were physically assaulted? (StatsCan, 2015)
75%
Which province reports the highest rate of family violence?
Saskatchewan
Intimate partners are accused in what portion of police-reported violent crime?
1/3rd
What is the most common type of victimization among IPV victims?
Physical assault
Which provinces report the lowest rates of IPV?
Ontario and PEI
Which group of people is at the highest risk of intimate partner homicide?
Females 25-29 years old
Primary prevention
Approaches that aim to prevent violence before it occurs
Secondary prevention
Approaches that focus on the more immediate responses to violence
Tertiary prevention
Approaches that focus on long-term care in the wake of violence
Decision (action) theory
The proximal cause of violence is an intention, choice, or decision
Intimate partner violence
Any behaviour within a present or former intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm
In what year did laws change so that a husband could no longer legally rape his wife?
1983
What is the Duluth model? (Armenti & Babcock, 2016)
Men’s groups intended to reduce populations in prisons
What are the limitations of the Duluth model? (Armenti & Babcock, 2016)
- No studies have found it to be effective
- Not based off of scientific research
- Problems with group interventions
- Too general
What is one of the most common interventions for IPV currently? (Armenti & Babcock, 2016)
The Duluth model
What is the “power and control wheel”? (Armenti & Babcock, 2016)
Conceptualizes IPV as one form of abuse to maintain male privilege
What are the two distinct types of relationship violence that underscore differences in perpetration according to Johnson? (Armenti & Babcock, 2016)
- Patriarchal terrorism (later changed to coercive controlling violence)
- Common couple violence (later changed to situational couple violence)
What is the primary criticism of conjoint interventions? (Armenti & Babcock, 2016)
Implies that victims are partially responsible
Risk (Bowen, 2011)
The likelihood of an incident of violence occurring at some point in the future
What are some criticisms of unaided clinical IPV risk assessment? (Bowen, 2011)
- Lack of validity and reliability
- The clinical risk predictions are only slightly above chance
- Competence in this area varies significantly between clinicians
Illusory correlations (Bowen, 2011)
An assumed correlation between two factors that does not exist empirically
Confirmatory bias (Bowen, 2011)
Placing emphasis on evidence which confirms an opinion and paying less attention to evidence to the contrary
Hindsight bias (Bowen, 2011)
The overestimation of the predictability of an outcome after the fact
What is the emphasis on with actuarial IPV risk assessment? (Bowen, 2011)
Predicting a specified behaviour within a specified time frame
What are the limitations of actuarial IPV risk assessment? (Bowen, 2011)
- Focuses on predicting future behaviour
- Limited number of variables
What method of homicide is more common in IPH (compared to non-IPH)? (Caman, 2017)
Strangulation
After separation, at what time is the risk for IPH highest? (Caman, 2017)
First 3 months
What are some of the risk factors for IPH presented by Caman (2017)?
- Social disadvantage
- Chronic substance abuse
- Estrangement in combination with prior IPV
- Previous threats
- Nonfatal strangulation
- Stepchild in the relationship
What were the hypotheses of the Caman (2017) study?
- Perpetrators of IPH are less disadvantaged in regard to sociodemographic characteristics
- Perpetrators of IPH are less likely to have a criminal offending history
- Perpetrators of IPH have less persistent criminal offending history (ie. lower number of convictions)
- Perpetrators of IPH are more likely to commit suicide in connection with the offence compared to non-IPH perpetrators
What did Caman (2017) recommend?
- That IPH offences be considered as a separate type from non-IPH offences
What did Caman (2017) find regarding victims of IPH and how they differ from victims of non-IPH?
Victims of IPH had lower levels of criminality
