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PT551 Physical Agents > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

TENS Frequency Range

A

50 - 120 pps

Frequency is high to increase the drive on cutaneous sensory afferents.

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2
Q

NMES Frequency Range

A

35 - 50 pps
Frequency is high enough for muscle tetany.
Higher = More Comfortable.

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3
Q

Voltage

A

The difference between the number of ions inside and outside of a cell membrane. (Units Millivolts mV)

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4
Q

Current

A

The displacement of ions from one point to another. (Units Milliamps mA) This movement of ions can be driven by diffusion (chemical gradient) and electrical gradient (voltage)

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5
Q

Impedance

A

The resistance of a system to the flow of ions.

In physiologic systems impedance includes resistance (R), capacitance (3) and inductance (L).

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6
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V (voltage) = I (current) x Z (resistance/impedance)

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7
Q

Contraindications for E-Stim

A

Pacemaker or Defibrillator (anywhere on the body).
Superficial Metal
Cancer due to increased circulation with TENS
Pregnancy

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8
Q

TENS Pulse Duration (Phase) Range

A

50 - 150 microseconds

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9
Q

Amplitude

A

Strong sensory stimulation without muscle contraction

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10
Q

TENS Waveforms

A

Symmetric or Asymmetric (Ideally symmetric).

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11
Q

TENS Tx Duration

A

20 minutes minimum, however, continuous stimulation as needed for pain management. Or cyclical with multiple cycles throughout the day of 20-60 minuets is ideal.

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12
Q

Special Precaution (Contraindication) for Point Stimulation

A

People who are prone to migraine headaches. Point stim could trigger a migraine.

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13
Q

Point Stim Frequency

A

1 - 5 pps

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14
Q

Point Stim Phase Duration

A

200 microsec - 1 millisec (LONG Phase Duration)

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15
Q

Point Stim Amplitude

A

Noxious Level

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16
Q

US Contraindications

A 
Acute injury or during active inflammation phase.
Areas of decreased sensation
Areas of decreased circulation
Vascular insufficiency
Thrombophlebitis
Infection
Eyes
Reproductive Organs
Pregnancy
Malignancy
Growth Plates
17
Q

US Parameters

A 
Desired temperature increase goal.
Depth
Duty Cycle
Intensity
Rate of Temperature increase in muscle.
Treatment duration
Size of sound head
Speed of sound head
Medium
18
Q

Temperature Goal 2-3 C Treats

A

Chronic Inflammation
Pain
Trigger Points
Muscle Spasms

19
Q

Termperature Goal 4 C Treats

A

Increases tissue extensibility of collagen and decrease joint stiffness

PT551 Physical Agents (1 decks)

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