Midterm Flashcards
Which term is used to describe organized groups of detectives who deceive criminals into openly committing illegal acts or conspiring to engage in criminal activities?
Sting operations
Which of the following police operations best exemplifies community oriented policing?
A. A sting operations in which officers pose as fences or stolen property
B. Computerized data terminals installed on the dashes of all patrols cars.
C. The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods
D. Creation of a well-armed SWAT team trained in hostage negotiation
E. All of the above are correct
C. The hiring of bilingual officers to patrol ethnic neighborhoods
The concept of hot spots of crime I’d most closely associated with which model of policing?
Problem-oriented policing (POP)
Which of the following is false regarding beliefs underlying community policing?
A. Patrol by car is an essential tool of community policing.
B. Officers should return to a style of policing that involves contact with the people they serve
C. Community relations and crime control effectiveness cannot be the charge of a few specialized police units
D. Community policing has been a response to officers frustration with the lack of community support
E. All of the above are correct.
A. Patrol by car is an essential tool of community policing.
Community-oriented policing links police effectiveness to:
Productive interaction with the community being served
Tactical and strategic intelligence are most closely associated with which model of policing?
Intelligence-led Policing
Most agencies are organized in a(n) ____________ manner.
Heirarchial
While police patrol has many objectives, most police experts agree that the majority of police and patrol efforts are devoted to
Order Maintenance
What was the principal finding of Kansas City Patrol Study?
There is little evidence to suggest that increased police patrol deters crime
Which of the following is false regarding beliefs underlying community policing?
A. Inability of patrol to reduce certain types of crime
B. Officers should return to a style of policing that involves contact with the people they serve.
C. Community relations and crime control effectiveness cannot be the charge of a few specialized police units.
D. Community policing has been a response to officers frustration with the lack of community support.
E. None of the above.
None of the above
Which of the following is an example of an impact mutation? A. Tasers B. Rubber bullets. C. Pepper spray D. Handcuffs E. All of the above are correct
B. Rubber Bullets
The overload hypothesis suggest that community crime rated may shape officer discretion. Which type of factor is this. A. Environmental B. Victim C. Crime D. Peer E. None of the above
A. Environmental
Which of the following is true regarding police use of force?
A. Minority groups members are more likely to disapprove of the police use of force than majority group members.
B. African Americans and Hispanics were more likely than white to experience police threat or use of force as a consequence of police contact.
C. The suspects behavior is a much more powerful determinant of police response, then age or race.
D. All of the statements are true regarding police use of force.
E. None of the above.
D. All of the statements are true regarding police use of force.
Which of the following is not a factor identified in the text as related to police shootings?
A. Local and National levels
B. Police work overload.
C. The threat hypothesis
D. All of these are factors related to police shootings.
E. None of the above.
D. All of these are factors related to police shootings.
What do recruits often discover about police work?
The social reality of police work does not mesh with their original career goals
Which style of policing suggests that the police should act as community problem solvers?
Social Agent
Which style of policing suggests that the police should focus their efforts on order maintenance?
Watchman
Which type of case is often a source of frustration and futility for police officers, making them reluctant to respond.
Domestic Violence cases
Which of the following is false regarding suspect behavior and characteristics?
A. Suspects who physically resist the police are more likely to receive some form of physical coercion in return.
B. Suspects who offer verbal disrespect are as likely as suspects who physically resist to be met with physical force by police
C. Women are less likely to be arrested by men.
D. A negative suspect demeanor is more likely to result in formal police action.
E. None of the above
B. Suspects who offer verbal disrespect are as likely as suspects who physically resist to be met with physical force by police
Which U.S. Supreme Court case deemed the use of deadly force against an unarmed and non dangerous fleeing felon to be an illegal seizure under the Fourth Amendment?
Tennessee V. Garner
According to the _______ view of crime, behaviors that become crimes are essentially harmful to a majority of citizens and therefore there is general agreement regarding which behavior need to be controlled
Consensus
Which of the following crimes is not included in the Uniform Crime Reports list of Part I or index crimes?
Simple Assualt
Which of the following is a public order crime? A. Hate speech B. Embezzlement C. Domestic Violence D. Prostitution E. Economic crime
D. Prostitution
Which of the following is considered official crime data collected by the FBI A. National Crime Victimization Survey B. Uniform Crime Report C. Self Report Survey D. Bureau of Justice Statistics E. Self-involved surveys
B. Uniform Crime Report
Self-reported surveys are conducted most often on which of the following groups? A. Elderly B. Death row inmates C. Prisoners D. Police Officers. E. Juveniles
E, Juveniles
In which season do the greatest numbers of reported crimes occur
Summer
Which of the following is not an explanation regarding gender differences in the crime rate?
A. Girls are granted greater personal freedom
B. Males are stronger and better able to commit violence
C. Hormones make men more aggressive
D. Girls are socialized to be less aggressive
A. Girls are granted greater personal freedom
Which laws require that convicted felons spend a significant portion of their sentence behind bars.
Truth-in-Sentencing laws
Which crime promotes that there is a class struggle between the rich and the poor?
Conflict
Which view of crime contends that the definition of crime is subjective?
Interactionist
Johnny is arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol. As a result, he is convicted and serves a short stint in jail. Johnnys incarceration is an example of which of the following concepts? A. General deterrence B. Specific deterrence C. Situational prevention D. Just desserts E. Intentional deterrence
B. Specific deterrence
Which age group is linked to the early onset of criminal behavior?
Early adolescence
A subculture occurs in disorganized neighborhoods marked by apathy, cynicism, helplessness, and distrust that is passed from one generation to the next, creating a permanent underclass. This subculture is called
The culture of poverty
_______ theory focuses on a persons bond to society as a factor in preventing crime..
Social Control
Situational crime prevention falls under _____ theory
Choice
_____ theory believes that law violators may have suffered damage to their personalities early in their development that renders them powerless to control their impulses.
Psychodynamic
_______ theory is not a type of developmental theory
Social strain
The general theory of crime suggests that differences between individuals in the tendency to commit criminal acts stems from
Their level of self control
Which of the following is not one of the three factors linked to predatory crime rates in routine activities theory?
A. Supply of motivated officers
B. Supply of suitable targets
C. Absence of effective guardians for protection
D. Extent of relative social deprivation
E. Non of the above
D. Extent of relative social deprivation.
According to the principles of choice theory, in order for punishment to most effectively deter crime, it must meet the following three conditions
Strict, sure and swift
In order for a robbery to occur, the robber must acquire the victims possessions. This is referred to as
Strict liability
When may a criminal statute no longer be enforceable.
When an appellate judge rules that it is vague or is an unfair exercise of state control over an individual
Floridas stand your ground law authorizes citizens to use ______ earn they reasonably believe that heir homes or vehicles have been illegally invaded
Deadly force
If a pregnant women in labor stole a car because she feared delivery of her baby was imminent and she had no other means of transportation she may use the defense of
Necessity
Which constitutional amendment outlaws illegal searches and seizures by police
Fourth
The ____ amendment guarantees the right to confront Amy prosecution witnesses.
Sixth
If a police officer shoots an armed suspect which defense is the most appropriate to use
Entrapment
Which of the following is not one of the categories into which crime is classified? A Torts B. Infractions C. Misdemeanors D. Violations E. Felonies
Torts
Laws that are created and retroactively enforced are known as
Ex post facto laws
Civil law includes all of the following except A. Criminal B. Cooperate C. Commercial D. Tort E. Contract
A. Criminal
