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Social Deviance > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Conceptions of Deviance

A

objectively given vs. subjectively give
normative conception v. relativist conception
positivist perpesctive vs. constructionist perspective

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2
Q

Objectively Given

A

assumes a general set of norms exists

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3
Q

norms

A

rules of behavior that guide people’s behaviors

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4
Q

Types of Norms

A

folkways
mores
laws

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5
Q

folkways

A

everyday norms
basic mannerisms
simple dailey activities that do not cause a ruckus

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6
Q

mores

A

moral norms

have god moral connection will upset people more than folkways

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7
Q

laws

A

backed by official sanctions

violation of a rule understood by the majority of the group

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8
Q

subjectively problematic conception

A

deviance is constructed based on the interactions of those in society

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9
Q

Positivist/normative definition for deviance

A

a violation of a rule understood by the majority of the group

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10
Q

critical conception

A

deviance is based on the socio, economic, political statuses in society; behaviors or conditions are not inherently deviant

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11
Q

How is deviance established with a critical conception

A

by those in power to maintain and enhance their power

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12
Q

Sociological imagination

A

idea that everyone acts under certain societal, institutional, and historical restrictions that shape them as individuals

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13
Q

importance of theory

A

helps us systematically think about deviance

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14
Q

why is it important to systematically study deviance

A

theory forces us to focus on the interplay

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15
Q

suppression

A

the social control of deviance

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16
Q

what do suppression policies focus on?

A

punishment and social control of behavior deemed deviant

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17
Q

Rehabilitation programs

A

focus on groups or individuals deemed deviant in an attempt to change this assumed devoant behavior

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18
Q

prevention programs

A

focus on groups or individuals more at risk for deviant behavior or they may be focused on decreasing the likelihood of deviance in all groups equally

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19
Q

what is deviance reflective of?

A

norms and attitudes depending on time, place, and perscpecive

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20
Q

Types of Physical Deviance

A

aesthetic norms

physical incapacity

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21
Q

aesthetic norm

A

what people should look like according to norms of height, weight, and the absence or presence of disfigurement

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22
Q

physical incapactiy

A

those with physical disability

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23
Q

elite deviance

A

criminal and deviant acts by the largest corporations and the
most powerful political organizations

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24
Q

acts by elites that cause harm

A

physical harms
financial harms
moral harms

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25
Q

types of acts by elites

A

economic domination
governmental control
denial of basic human rights

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26
Q

types of deviance

A 
physical
relationship
workplace
elite
cyber
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27
Q

Positive deviance

A

behavior that significantly departs from norms in honorable ways

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28
Q

SAM

A

a super awesome chick

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29
Q

subculture

A

a group within a group that contains in own set of norms

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30
Q

internal validity

A

how well the experiment is done
no confounding variables
random assignment

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31
Q

external validity

A

how well a study can be applied to the real world

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32
Q

Quasi-experimental designs:

A

adaptation to experimental

strategies

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33
Q

what is different about quasi experimenttal

A

focus less on internal validity

external is enhanced

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34
Q

gold standard

A

experiments

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35
Q

gold mine

A

surveys

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36
Q

ways to study deviance

A

Experimental Research

2) Field Research
3) Participant Observation Research
4) Content Analysis
5) Secondary Data Sources

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37
Q

types of field research

A

covert

overt

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38
Q

covert observation

A

takes place when the researcher is fully engaged in the acts along with the deviant group

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39
Q

overt observation

A

takes plae when the researcher is not participating in the acts or events of the group being studied

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40
Q

successful content analysis

A

Have a solid research question
• Have a reasonably good understanding of the population
of the materials/sources of interest
• Have a strategy for sampling records of communication
• Be systematic in your approach to extracting and coding
themes

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41
Q

IRB

A

Institutional Review Boards have been established to assist universities and
research institutions in protecting human subjects during the research process.

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42
Q

requirements of ethics

A

Participation must be voluntary

  1. Informed consent must be obtained
  2. Confidentiality and Anonymity
  3. Institutional Review Board oversees research
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43
Q

Anomie

A

state of normlessness where society failts to effectively regulate the expectations or behaviors of its members

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44
Q

why do strain theories develop

A

they are patterns in response to conditions individuals or groups have little control over

45
Q

what do strain theories assume

A

social order is the product of cohesive set of norms
 norms are shared by society and its members
 response to deviance is to maintain order

46
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

believed that anomie results from a breakdown in the regulation of goals and that deviance is a result of lack or regulation with unlimited desires and needs

47
Q

merton

A

anomie results from strained differences in cultural goals and legitimate means

48
Q

Mertons adaptations to strain

A 
conformity
innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
rebellion
49
Q

conformity

A

acceptance of cultural goals for success

and wealth, legit means to achieve

50
Q

Innovation

A

acceptance of cultural goals for success

and wealth, illegitimate means to achieve

51
Q

Ritualism

A

abandoned goals for success and wealth, legit means to

make a living

52
Q

Retreatism

A

abandoned goals for success and wealth, illegitimate

means to make living

53
Q

rebellion

A

don’t play by the rules, reject the cultural goal of
success/wealth attainment and replace it with another primary goal,
either legitimate or illegitimate means to achieve goals

54
Q

Forms of subculture made from the lack of legitimate means in hoods

A

criminal
conflict
retreatist

55
Q

criminal subculture

A

lower class boys with open illegitimate opportunities

56
Q

conflict subculture

A 
lower class without illegitimate or legitimate opportunities
socially disorganized
57
Q

retreatist subculture

A

double failures

58
Q

Agnew’s view

A

General Strain Thory

59
Q

General Strain Theory

A

People are pressured into crime

bloom from negative relationships

60
Q

types of negative relationships (GST)

A

Prevent or threaten to prevent achievement
remove or threaten to remove positive stimuli
present or threaten to present negative stimuli

61
Q

path of GST

A

strain
anger, frustration
deviant behavior

62
Q

types of strain likely to lead to deviant behavior

A

high amts of strain
strain percieved as unjust
strain associated with low self control
strain creates more pressure of incentive for criminal coping

63
Q

The American Dream

A

“anything goes” for pursing personal goals (monetary)

64
Q

Values within the american dream

A

achievement
individualism
universalism
materialism

65
Q

achievement

A

connetect to personal worth

66
Q

individualism

A

everyone should find a way to “make it”

67
Q

universalism

A

encouragement of all to aspire to succes and wealth attainment

68
Q

materialism

A

money is te main way to measure success and wealth in America

69
Q

criticisms of anomie and strain theories

A

difficult to measure a whole societies goals and means
assumes money is held superior universally
class bias

70
Q

Prison Entrepreneurship program

A

• A non-profit program that trains and socializes inmates to prepare them for
conforming business opportunities

71
Q

defy ventures

A

A non-profit funded and managed by entrepreneurs and venture capitalist
• Believe that former drug dealers and gang members share similar skills with
top business leaders

72
Q

original social disorgnization theory

A

deviance results from the lack of communication and sisorganization within a community

73
Q

Social Sources of deliquency

A

cultural deviance
strain
social disorganization

74
Q

Sampson and Grove

A

low interconnectability between people

bad relationshsips

75
Q

broken windows

A

disorder leads to greater disorder

76
Q

individual efficacy

A

an indiv ability to accomplish a task

77
Q

collective efficacy

A

hoods ability to recognize common goals of a safe environment

78
Q

Social cohesion

A

trust between neighbors

79
Q

Differential Association Theory

A

Criminal behavior is learned.
2. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction and communication with others
3. Intimate personal groups is the principle part of learning crime
4. learning criminal behavior includes (a) techniques and (b) specific direction of motives, drives,
rationalizations, and attitudes
5. The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of the legal code as
favorable or unfavorable
6. An excess of definitions favorable to violation of the law = delinquent
7. Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity
8. Same mechanisms are involved in learning crime as involved in any other learning
9. Criminal behavior is not explained by general needs and values, because noncriminal behavior is
an expression of the same needs and values

80
Q

Social Learning theory

A

differential applied to operant conditioning

81
Q

social learning theory concepts

A

learned through operant
learned in asocial and social through reinforcement
learned from primary group reinforcement

82
Q

definitions

A

attitudes beliefs or rationalizations

83
Q

four concepts from social learning theory

A

definitions
differential assoc
differential reinforcement
imitation

84
Q

differential assoc

A

definitions are learned through contact with others

85
Q

differential reinforcement

A

likelihood of rewards and punishments will reinforce or diminih

86
Q

characteristics of social structure affecting social learning

A

differental social organization
differential location in the social structure
theoretically defined structural variables
differential social location in groups

87
Q

differential social organization

A

structural correlates of crime

88
Q

differential location in the social structure

A

social and demograph chracteristics of individuals defining role in larger social structure

89
Q

theoretically defined structural variables

A

anomie, class oppression, social disorganization, group conflict, patriarcy

90
Q

differential social location in groups

A

membership in various groups

91
Q

criticisms of differential association

A

too much focus on juvenile

cant explain some behaviors

92
Q

cultural deviance theory

A

Subcultural explanations emphasize the values, beliefs,
rituals and practices of subgroups in society that
distinguish them from the larger society

93
Q

child rearing practices according to cultural deviance theory

A

decent

street

94
Q

decent families

A

strict and focused on the values of mainstream

society

95
Q

street families

A

raised to deal with problems aggressively, violently;

street wise

96
Q

social bond comprised of

A

attachment
commitment
involvement
belief

97
Q

attachment

A

the emotional component of the bond

be don’t deviate bc we care about what others think

98
Q

commitment

A

a rational bond, commitment to conventional society

99
Q

involvement

A

an involvement in conformist activities leave less time for deviance

100
Q

belief

A

an awareness or understand and agreement with the rules and norms influence deviance conformity

101
Q

18th century view on social control

A

indiv are rational hedonistic and free-willed

102
Q

internal social control

A

internal discussion not to commit crime

rules and norms instilled in child

103
Q

external social control

A

external discussion not to commit crime

rules and norms set by society, indirectly

104
Q

power-control theory

A

workforce affects patriarchal attitudes

105
Q

General theory of crime

A

all behavior is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain

106
Q

six elements that construct low self control

A

Criminal acts provide immediate gratification of desires

  1. Criminal acts provide easy or simple gratification of desires
  2. Criminal acts are exciting, risky, or thrilling
  3. Crimes provide few or meager long-term benefits
  4. Crimes require little skill or planning
  5. Crimes often result in pain or discomfort for the victim
107
Q

life course persistent group`

A

device stems from neuro developmental processes

108
Q

adolescence limited

A

larger group; deviance stems from social processes and over time will stop engaging in deviant

Social Deviance (1 decks)

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