Midterm

Question 1

Glaucoma

Answer 1

natural fluids of the eye are blocked by ciliary muscle rigidity causing a gradual build up of intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve
risk factors:
age, family history of glaucoma, diabetes, steroid use, eye injuries

Question 2

Cataracts

Answer 2

disorder among older adult, caused by oxidative damage to the lens protein and fatty deposits in ocular lens

• clouding of the ordinary clear ocular lens
• appearance of halos around objects as light is diffused

Question 3

Macular Degeneration

Answer 3

degenerative eye disease that affects the macula, the centra part of the eye responsible for clear central vision, leaving only peripheral vision

• starts in one eye
• loss of central vision

Question 4

Dry AMD

Answer 4

light sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down and cause blurring in the central vision of the affected eye

Question 5

Drusen

Answer 5

yellow deposit under the retina and are found in people over 60

Question 6

WET AMD

Answer 6

When abnormal blood vessels begin to grow under the macula and these new blood vessels leak fluid or blood, which raise the macula from its normal place at the back of the eye

• peripheral vision remains normal, difficulty seeing at distance or doing detailed work such as sewing and reading
• blurry faces, difficulty distinguishing colors

Question 7

Aphasia

Answer 7

loss of ability to express and understand spoken and written language

Question 8

Apraxia

Answer 8

inability to carry out purposeful movement although motor and sensory ability are intact

Question 9

Agnosia

Answer 9

inability to recognize common objects or faces of familiar people despite intact sensory abilities

Question 10

Transient Ischemia Attack

Answer 10

strokes that only last only a few minutes, usually when the blood supply to the part of the brain is briefly interupted

Question 11

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 11

Chronic Hypertension causes thickening of the vessel wall, and necrosis occurs
-ruptured vessel or seepage of blood into the ventricular system of the brain

Question 12

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 12

death of brain cells because of insufficient supply of blood and oxygen resulting from blockage of an artery 
4 main causes:
1- arterial disease
2- Cardioembolism
3-hematological disorders
4- systemic hyperfusion

Question 13

Vascular Dementia

Answer 13

Cerebrovascular insufficient or ischemic or hemorrhage of brain damage

Question 14

Lewly body Dementia

Answer 14

protein deposits in the nerve cells

Question 15

Frontotemporal Dementia

Answer 15

shrinking of the front and temporal anterior lobes of the brain
-changes in personality and inappropriate or bizarre social behaviour