Midterm

Question 1

Application of thrust procedures through a joint in specified planes.

Answer 1

manipulation/adjustment

Question 2

Passive movement of the joint to varying degrees without thrust.

Answer 2

Mobilization

Question 3

Axial distracted force of an articulation-can be mobilization or manipulation oriented

Answer 3

Manual distraction/traction

Question 4

Active movement of a joint through normal range with mobilization pressure applied at the end of range

Answer 4

Mobilization with movement

Question 5

Distinct practice by lay persons with no formalized training (trained via apprenticeships) - usually reducing fractures and dislocations, but may in some cases utilized manipulative techniques devised on their own.

Answer 5

Bone setting

Question 6

Put the following in order of time of event.
A-Chinese references to manipulation
B-the Greeks were the first to document the use of spinal manipulation.
C-Incan Indian (documented massage used instead of trepanning), Babylonian and Egyptian cultures made reference to use of massage and manipulation.
D-Asclepias and Greeks mention manipulation
E-Manipulation referenced in cave drawings in Europe.
F-Hippocrates

Answer 6

E, A, C, D, B, F

Question 7

What 4 things did Hippocrates do that was similar to chiropractic?

Answer 7

• Used gravity as a traction/distraction technique.
• Relocated joints through closed manipulation
• used a traction table to distraction scoliotic spines
• used pressure to address Gibbs’s deformities

Question 8

Manipulation survived transitions from __________ tribes and __________ hoards to ancient societies.

Answer 8

Isolated, nomadic

Question 9

The major difference in societies from their predecessor tribes was the intent of manipulation - it’s purpose transitioned from the ____________ to more __________, ____________, ___________ reasons for manipulating the human frame.

Answer 9

Mystical, person-centered, direct, mechanical

Question 10

__________, was the province of surgeons till the 1800’s was abandoned to _____________, who were viewed with condescension and disdain by the remainder of the medical community.

Answer 10

Manipulation, bonesetters

Question 11

___________ era was the earliest formal emergence of medicine;s use of manipulation

Answer 11

Hippocratic

Question 12

__________was a technique performed by physicians (______________ suspension with violent shaking of the body)

Answer 12

Succussion, antigravity

Question 13

Hippocrates roundly criticized _________ and called its advocates “_________.” He felt more targeted and controlled manipulation was appropriate.

Answer 13

Succussion, Charlatans

Question 14

_______, _______, and ______ would all continue to advocate manipulation in their teachings and writings based on hippocrates’ approach- this carried Hippocrates’ ideologies of medical practice into the ___________.

Answer 14

Galen, Avicenna, Vesalius ,1500’s.

Question 15

______, _______, and _______ all practiced manipulation as a part of their practices in the 1700’s

Answer 15

Hunter, Hay, and Harrison

Question 16

In the 1800’s ___________ hypothesized that impaired neurological or vascular supply to an organ would impair its function and eventually its structure

Answer 16

Riadore

Question 17

In the ____________ manipulation was abandoned by medicine- it was crude and fraught with complications and fared poorly in comparison to the burgeoning areas of internal medicine’s approaches- it was relegated to the barbers.

Answer 17

Mid-1800’s

Question 18

Manipulation would not regain status in medicine until _______ 1800’s with ________ publishing a blood on bone setting techniques. This would be the first evidences of medicine practiced purely as a manipulating practice and would re establish the favor of manipulation in medicine.

Answer 18

Late, Wharton Hood’s

Question 19

_____ and ______ introduced “manipulation” as a term to describe what previously was known as “bone setting”

Answer 19

Marsh and Fox

Question 20

_________, while it always maintained a separate status, it would begin to integrate with medicine through Hood’s work, but would then separate again as medicine began to exert legal and legislative control over its practice- an effort to restrict it’s used to licensed medical doctors

Answer 20

Bone setting

Question 21

Andrew Taylor Still founded _______________

Answer 21

Osteopathy

Question 22

What 4 things are part of Osteopathy

Answer 22

• The lightening bonesetter
• The Law of the Artery
• Still’s manipulation involved pumping type motions with long levers to facilitate circulation and lymphatic movement.
• Was also an advocate of cranioscaral therapy, which is a technique unto itself nowadays.

Question 23

Who was the founder of Chiropractic

Answer 23

Daniel D. Palmer

Question 24

3 points of Chiropractic DD palmer

Answer 24

• Believed that subluxations were the cause of nerve interference that impinged flow of innate intelligence, which was flowing through nerves.
• The “Law of the Nerve”
• The Palmer’s manipulation was a rapid, forceful style manipulation HVLA, which was unique compared to others’ manipulative technique.