midterm Flashcards
These are the 3 core functions of public health
- assessment
- policy development
- assurance
these are the two main differences between public health and medicine
public health is population based and prevention based
medicine is individual based and cure based
This is one of the biggest reasons public health efforts can be controversial
TAXES
these are five steps of prevention and intervention
Step 1: define health problem
step 2: identify risk factors
Step3 : develop community-led intervention
step 4: implement intervention
step 5: monitor intervention to assess effects
besides eating well and exercising, these are 4 other components of health.. some may even consider to be social justice
- affordable housing -educational opportunities
- access to health care
- employment opportunities
This is the difference between the theory of Public good and the theory of market justice
public good= favors fairness and equity
Market justice=favors individual success
An example of a clash between morals and public health goals
- sex education in schools/planned parenthood
- dare program
these are everyday responsibilities for public health
- collect health statistics
- control disease
- administer health inspections
- screenings
- sanitation
The equation used to determine “frequency of a disease”
of cases ( of disease)/ population of town/county
definition of “social capital”
Social capital affects health risk behavior in the sense that individuals who are embedded in a network or community rich in support, social trust, information, and norms, have resources that help achieve health goals
three questions epidemiologists ask
- who is getting the disease
- when is the disease occurring
- where is the disease occurring
He was considered the first epidemiologist
john snow
screening tests can have one of these two characteristics
specific: more limited data received
sensitive: more data passes through
the difference between incidence and prevalence rates
- incidence rates chart the number of NEW cases of diseases
- prevalence looks at existing cases of disease
three conditions that can be caused by obesity
- heart disease
- diabetes
- high blood pressure
top 3 ACTUAL causes of death
tobacco
poor diet/physical activity
alcohol consumption
** remember all are preventable!
This is the most important predictor of health
Socioeconomic status
socioeconomic status (SES) include
income
educational background
occupational status
four contributors to poor health
- poor environmental conditions
- limited nutrition/physical activity
- limited access to healthcare
- psychological stress
5 components of ecological model
public policy: (national, state, local laws)
community: (relationships among organizations
organizational: (organizations, social institutions)
interpersonal: (family, friends, social networks)
individual: (knowledge, attitudes, skills)
5 steps to transtheoretical model
precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance
components to health belief model
demographic variables:
ex: use of condoms to prevent STD
cues to action:(someone you know is diagnosed with STD
costs:( not as pleasurable)
benefits:(protects against most STD’s)
susceptibility:( how likely am I to contract an STD
severity: how bad would having an STD be (likelihood of behavior)
public health measures that contribute most to people being healthier today than they were a century ago are:
sanitation, better nutrition, and occupational safety
core functions of public health:
assessment, policy develop, and assurance
which of the following is true of politics and public health
politics is an essential element of democratic governance
what level has the primary responsibilities of the health of the population
state
which of the following is true
the federal government utilizes the granting of funds to individual states in order to help protect the health of the population with example of helmet laws
what is true of epidemiology
assess, occurrence, and cause of disease
who was first epidemiologist?
john snow
high SES is not associated with which of the following factors that affect health behaviors
high stress
the model that describes five levels of influence on health behavior (interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional, community, and public policy is:
ecological model
Socioeconomic status is determined by all the following except:
race
The early history of U.S public health was closely tied to social reform movements
Which of the following public health issues would not be considered social reform
TB quarantine
which of the following statements best expresses the market justice view
every adult individual is responsible for his or her own lot in life
the risk of which of the following infectious diseases is most significantly affected by behavioral factors
AIDS
Which of the following actual causes of death is least under the control of individual behavior
toxic agents
public health
it’s a value to think of health as the state of being that makes possible the highest enjoyment of life
-affordable housing(less stress about money
college/education(to get a job/being able too)
access to healthcare
money(less prone to getting sick; less stress
social justice; social movement in 19th century
improved housing, child labor laws, mother/child health
endemic
border line levels that are common in certain areas, relates to usual nd expected rates of disease within a given population ex: tropics–malaria
epidemic
raised level; when the numbers of new cases of certain disease n a given population and during a given time, exceed what is expected
ex: child obesity, flu, Spanish influenza
* higher what we anticipated
Pandemic
new disease to population affecting humans causing serious illness, spreads easily among humans
ex: aids, TB
