Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Church History Midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

Alexander the Great

A

bishop who opposed Arius’ view of Christ created.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alexius Comnenus

A

emperor of Byzantium Seljuk Turks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ambrose of Milan

A

governor in Milan, declared bishop after riots break out between Arians and supporters of Nicene Creed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anselm of Canterbury

A

believed reason could be used to better understand faith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anthony

A

son of wealthy Egyptian parents, sold property, moved to desert, buried in unmarked grave, owned only a cloak that was given to Bishop Athanasius when he died.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

Dominican monk, taught at University of Paris, wrote Summa Theologica (summary and argument for the main theological teachings of the church), believed the existence of God is revealed truth, but not truth beyond reason, prepares the way for modern science, Catholic church recognizes him as one of 33 Doctors of the Church.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arius

A

a presbyter in the church in Alexandria, Egypt, taught that “God along had existed eternally, so Jesus must be a creation somehow “begotten” from God, said Jesus was subordinate to the Father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Athanasius

A

opposed Arian views, was a deacon who would eventually become bishop of Alexandria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Augustine

A

theologian who wrote in Latin, from north Africa, was a Manichee for 9 years, teaches rhetoric, believed in Neoplatonism (goal to reach the source of One), studied Ambrose’s sermons of allegorical interpretation, Ambrose baptized Augustine, he wanted to be a whole hearted Christian, becomes a monk, established a center for prayer and study in Tagaste, became bishop of Hippo, wrote to show errors of Manichaeans, argued strongly for freedom of the will, says we have free will to choose to sin or not to sin, says grace is irresistible for those God has predestined to receive grace, wrote: Confessions, The City of God, Augustine is quoted more than any other theological writer in Middle Ages, favorite theologian of the Protestant Reformation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Charlemagne

A

King of the Franks, crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Columba

A

built the monastery at Iona which was to become world famous. His monastery was a school for missionaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Constantine

A

emperor, shows favor toward Christian church, legalized Christianity and establishes tolerance toward all peaceful religions, baptized, succeeds father as Caesar of western district, had a vision of an emblem (labarum), writes the Edict of Milan which legalizes Christianity and creates tolerance toward religions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cyprian

A

Bishop of Carthage who said, “Outside the church there is no salvation.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Damasus

A

first pope to use Latin in correspondence, emphasized the role of Peter, commissioned Jerome to create Latin translation of Bible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diocletian

A

ordered the last major persecution, divides empire into 4 districts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Francis of Assisi

A

Mendicant orders, new “order of lesser brothers” – or Friars Minor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Domitian

A

harsh laws against Jews (Christians considered atheist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gregory the Great

A

became pope in 590, sent mission to Britain under Augustine, encourages adoption of Rule of St. Benedict, Benedictine monk, becomes pope, organized food distribution to the poor in the city, supervised rebuilding of the aqueducts and the city defenses, reformed worship practices, sent missionaries and promoted monastic ideas, didn’t want to become a pope at first but his letter got lost so he became pope anyway, negotiated with Lombards (military threat to Rome), became political, military, and spiritual leader to Rome, saw himself as Patriarch of Western church, student of Augustine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

John Hus

A

a Czech reformer. Adopted the views of Wyclif about the church as an elect company with Christ, not the pope, its true head. Led the national party of Bohemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Jerome

A

commissioned to create new Latin translation, started his work in Jerusalem and finished in Bethlehem, wrote the Vulgate translation (the common translation, commonly known, commonly used), this was the official translation for Roman Catholics for 1000+ years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Justinian

A

Emperor when Byzantine Empire defeated the Vandals restored Eastern control over Italy and church.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Peter Lombard

A

Known as the father of systematic theology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Marcion

A

a gnostic heretic (created alternative network of churches) (144 a.d.-excommunicated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Martin of Tours

A

gave this beggar half of his soldier cloak, Martin saw Jesus in his dreams with half of a soldiers cloak on him telling him that so he did it for this beggar, he did it for Him also, this is where we get the word chapel from, became a monk in Tours, he is elected Bishop, changed the way bishops should live, changed view of monasticism (solitude and study to missions and service).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Monica

A

godly mother of Augustine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Muhammad

A

merchant, knew Judaism and Christian sects in Arabia, had series of visions at age 40 – called to be prophet, received message from Gabriel, captured Mecca and much of Arabia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nero

A

1st Roman persecutor of Christians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Nestorius

A

Patriarch (leader of the church in a city) of Constantinople, argued that Christ had two distinct natures (divine Logos and human Jesus), condemned by the First Council of Ephesus in 431, Nestorian Schism (church split, people who agree with Nestorius break away from the orthodox church).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Origen

A

teacher at Alexandria (Scripture has more than one meaning—literal & hidden)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pelagius

A

British monk (argued that people could choose good and achieve perfection in life without divine aid) (denied concept of original sin) (Christ’s example offers a path to salvation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Terullian

A

Theologian who wrote in Latin, from North Africa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Stephen

A

First Christian martyr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Urban II

A

calls council at Clermont, argued that participation in the Crusade was the moral equivalent of serving in a monastic order, in that special holiness and certainty of salvation would be gained by those who took part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

John Wyclif

A

a zealot (despised neutrality (issue of dominion or lordship)(a reformer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Apostolic succession

A

a way to protect church from false doctrine)a series of bishops consecrated by other bishops going back to the Apostles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Avignon

A

city of popes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Baptismal statements

A

asked questions about believing in the Trinity, offered way to publicly affirm faith, (The Rule of Faith), began to be fixed in regular form and used in worship.

38
Q

Barbarians

A

spoke Latin or Greek, they were considered outsiders who “babbled”.

39
Q

Benedict

A

a monastic movement (born in Italy) (became hermit) (disciples gathered—Benedict creates a community of monks).

40
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

defeated the Vandals, the empire reasserted authority over Italy and Rome, Byz declined and popes turned to Franks for protection, Byz army helped Crusaders reclaim lost territory then stopped.

41
Q

Canon

A

books of the Bible considered authoritative

42
Q

Catacombs

A

underground caves or tunnels where Christians buried dead

43
Q

Catechumens

A

Instructions needed for new Gentile believers

44
Q

Council of Chalcedon

A

affirmed that Jesus Christ was “complete in Godhead and complete in manhood, truly God and truly man,…in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division or without separation,…coming together to from one person.”

45
Q

Council of Nicaea

A

May 30, 325; about 230 bishops gathered in the city of Nicaea for the first ecumenical (worldwide) council of the church, it was the first time an Emperor interceded in the internal affairs of the church, it discussed “What is the nature of Christ’s divinity?” lasted for two months, council voted against Arius, they formalized its view of the divinity of Christ

46
Q

assertions made by Council of Nicaea

A

i. Christ was very God of very God
ii. Christ was of one substance with the Father
iii. Homoousios – same substance
iv. Homoiousias – similar substance
v. Christ was begotten, not made
vi. Christ became human for us men, and for our salvation

47
Q

Criteria church used for considering a NT book canonical:

A

a. Apostolicity/Inspiration: This played a prominent role in the decisions of the church. Very frequently, the status of a book is determined by whether or not it came from an apostle. Apostolicity and inspiration go together; for the apostles claimed to be heralding the very word of God 1 Thess 2:13.This is a weighty criterion.
b. Widespread acceptance by the people of God. This factor played a conscious, deliberate role in the early church’s view of the canon. If a book is accepted widely as inspired, that is good reason to accept it.
c. Content/orthodoxy: This was an important factor historically (mid 3rd & early 4th centuries). Centered on question of agreement with other NT books that were universally accepted.

48
Q

Reasons for Crusades

A

• Politically-correct version:
vii. Motivated by greed rather than idealism
viii. “During the Crusades, an expansionist, imperialistic Christendom brutalized, looted, and colonized a tolerant and peaceful Islam.” (Rodney Stark)
• Years of Islamic invasion, attempts to colonize West
• Increased attacks on Christian pilgrims
• Reducing tolerance for Christians in Muslim lands
• Did not expect to convert Muslims
• Armies led by heads of noble families
• Massive cost
• Christian kingdoms required massive subsidies from Europe
• Urban II argued that participation in the Crusade was the moral equivalent of serving in a monastic order, in that special holiness and certainty of salvation would be gained by those who took part.

49
Q

Didache

A

baptize in running water

50
Q

Desert monks

A

monasticism, monks lived in solitude in the dessert on pillars, they were drawn to deserts because it was inaccessible.

51
Q

Donatists

A

Schismatic movement in North Africa, Just War Theory principles

52
Q

Dualism

A

matter is evil, spirit is good

53
Q

Edict of Milan

A

legalizes Christianity and establishes tolerance toward all peaceful religions, shows favor towards Christian church.

54
Q

Fall of Jerusalem

A

In A.D. 70 Emperor Vespasina’s forces, led by Titus, broke through the walls of Jerusalem, looted and burned the temple, and carried off the spoils to Rome. The Holy City was totally destroyed.

55
Q

Five pillars of Islam

A
  • Radical monotheism and Mohammad’s role as God’s prophet
  • Ritual prayer
  • Zakat – almsgiving (giving to the poor but also taxes)
  • Fasting during Ramadan
  • Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca
56
Q

Four Books of Sentences

A

Books by Peter Lombard which was a collection of quotes from scripture, the early fathers, the ecumenical councils, and other authorities to address the whole range of theological topics. His four books were divided as follows:
• Book 1: The Trinity and providence
• Book 2: Creation, sin, grace
• Book 3: The incarnation, salvation, and moral virtues
• Book 4: The sacraments and eschatology

57
Q

Gnostics

A

Gnosticism lacked a unifying cause. It was more like a variety of movement each on offering some way of enlightenment prescribed by a guru, a philosopher who pressed the gnosis (knowledge) of the way of life.

58
Q

God-fearers

A

theosebeis

59
Q

Great Schism

A

final break for the catholic and orthodox church, Bull Excommunication on altar, Michael excommunicates members of legation.

60
Q

Hellenistic

A

Greek Culture

61
Q

Heretic

A

a professed believer who maintains religious opinions contrary to those accepted by his or her church or rejects doctrines prescribed by the church.

62
Q

Icons

A

Renderings of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints and angels in heaven (were almost always pictures – drawings, paintings, mosaics, wood or stone carvings in low relief.) Used in worship (also in homes, shops, on clothes, and in jewelry)/

63
Q

Iconoclasts

A

are the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture’s own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives. (Leo II declared war on all icons because he believed he was called by God to cleanse the Eastern Empire of idolatry or else have his dominion suffer under the wrath of God.)

64
Q

Jacobites

A

Monophysite position argued that after incarnation, Christ had only one nature which is divine, led by Bishop Jacob Baradaeus.

65
Q

Judaizers

A
  • Refused to recognize Paul’s apostleship, he was an apostate
  • All Christians should be circumcised
  • Denied deity of Christ and virgin birth
  • Jesus was chosen by God as messiah because of his piety
  • Reluctant to think of him as subject to sufferings and death.
66
Q

Just War Theory

A

Argued by Augustine during the schismatic movement in North Africa
• Purpose must be just
• Must be waged by proper authority
• Motive of peace must be central

67
Q

3 Major phases of Middle Ages

A 
•	Early Middle Ages
ix.	5th century – year 1000
x.	Dark Ages
xi.	Muslim invasions
xii.	Charlemagne and Holy Roman Empire
•	High Middle Ages
xiii.	1000-1300
xiv.	Rapid growth = increased economic activity
xv.	European nation-states
xvi.	Scholasticism, Monasticism Crusades
•	Late Middle Ages 
xvii.	1300-1500
xviii.	Famines and plagues – European population drops by half
xix.	Economic and political turmoil
xx.	Frequent warfare
xxi.	Beginnings of Italian Renaissance
68
Q

Manichaeism

A

dualism idea about humans, light and darkness and how they become mingled, light is the spirit and dark is matter, they claimed to be rational, based on astronomical study, they ridiculed Christianity as primitive, crude, and irrational.

69
Q

Mendicant orders

A

vow of property, served the poor, a part of Monasticism, Francis of Assisi.

70
Q

Monarchical bishop

A

A single bishop over all house churches in a city.

71
Q

Nestorians

A

Nestorian Schism (church split, people who agree with Nestorius break away from the Orthodox Church).

72
Q

Nicene Creed

A

Constantius II espoused Arian views and promoted them, statement became used in liturgies in West and East, final form of creed came in 381 at Theodosius’ call of Council of Constantinople.

73
Q

Pagan

A

follower of a polytheistic religion (ancient Romans and Greeks), a person who is not a Christian.

74
Q

Persecution under Nero

A

Peter and Paul executed in mid-60’s, Roman Catholic church traces papal succession back to Peter as first bishop of Rome

75
Q

Peter the Hermit

A

led the People’s crusade which included peasants and villagers (women and children), 20,000 people.

76
Q

Pope

A

papas=father, bishop of Rome

77
Q

Process of canonization of NT

A

not a blind process, rather the church by the illumination provided by the Holy Spirit consistently tried to get back to and preserve the earliest witness and reflection on the great central event of Jesus Christ; this is the criterion of apostilicity at work. The church maintained (with varying degrees of success) the essential unity of the Old and the New Testaments. The NT that it finally affirmed (against the pressure of Jews and very logically persuasive heresies) is one that affirms the work of the Creator God, the God of Abraham and Moses as one piece with the work of the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. This is the criterion of content at work.

78
Q

Purgatory

A

A place in which souls are purified after death before they can enter heaven.

79
Q

Qur’an

A

Syriac devotional writings/hymns, “recitation”

80
Q

Roman attitudes toward the early church

A

Christians were considered atheists, Trajan’s guidelines: Don’t search them out, but when accused punish if they won’t recant.

81
Q

Rule of St. Benedict

A

explains how to organize a monastic community, inlcluding: meals, living conditions, daily schedules (physical labor), obedience required, prayer 8 times a day, study and scholarship, they would write manuscripts of scripture, Benedict’s monastery was raided an burned, monks scattered, Pope Gregory encourages adoption of Rule.

82
Q

The Rule of Faith

A

body of teaching traced back to the preaching of the Apostles

83
Q

Scholasticism

A

forerunner of this thought: Anselm of Canterbury, believed reason could be used to better understand faith, came up with the Ontological argument (God is a being of which no greater can be conceived, first), other forerunner: Peter Abelard and Peter Lombard, wrote Four Books of Sentences, arguing that there are 7 sacraments (distributes grace): baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick, holy orders (ordaining), and matrimony.

84
Q

Seljuk Turks

A

Central Asia, converted to Islam, moved to Persia, defeated, Alexiuis Comnenus, Invade Holy Land.

85
Q

Seven sacraments of Catholic church

A
  • Baptism
  • Confirmation
  • Eucharist
  • Penance
  • Anointing of the sick
  • Holy orders
  • Matrimony
86
Q

Transubstantiation

A

substance of the bread and wine of the Eucharist are transformed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ, required cathedrals to start schools open to the poor) (required confession & communion once a year.

87
Q

Trinity

A

God is tree person existing eternally in one single being or nature.

88
Q

Vandals

A

East Germanic tribe; cross the Rhine & move into France, Spain, cross into North Africa, conquer Carthage, control all North Africa except Egypt.

89
Q

Vulgate

A

Arians or missionaries, they were defeated by Byzantine Empire

90
Q

Five ways the Jewish faith is foundational to the story of Christianity

A
  1. God who has a personal interest in His people
  2. Sacrificial system and the concept of atonement for sin
  3. Prophetic tradition establishes an exception for Messiah
  4. dispersion of the Jews
  5. Sacred writings of the Jewish People

Church History Midterm (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions