Midterm

Question 1

Aristocracy

Answer 1

A system of government where a few elite citizens rule the country

Question 2

Democracy

Answer 2

System of government where all citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives

Question 3

Dictatorship

Answer 3

A system of government where one party or ruler has total control over all aspects of citizens lives

Question 4

Monarchy

Answer 4

A system of government where a king or queen rules through heredity rights

Question 5

Republic

Answer 5

A system of government where citizens elect officials to represent them

Question 6

Theocracy

Answer 6

A system of government where religious leaders run the government

Question 7

Command economy

Answer 7

An economic system where government officials answer the core economic questions

Question 8

Barter economy

Answer 8

An economic system where goods are traded for other goods

Question 9

Socialism

Answer 9

An economic theory based on equal distribution of wealth; no private ownership or competition

Question 10

Capitalism

Answer 10

An economic system where producers and consumers answer the core economic questions without government interference

Question 11

Mixed economy

Answer 11

An economic system where government runs some industries and others are privately owned

Question 12

Buddhism

Answer 12

Polytheistic religion based on the teachings of buddha. Enlightenment is obtained through the right way of life and giving up worldly desires.

Question 13

Judaism

Answer 13

Monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews

Question 14

Christianity

Answer 14

Monotheistic religion that is based in the teachings of Jesus Christ and his followers

Question 15

Hinduism

Answer 15

Polythestic religion that is based in the caste system and originated in India

Question 16

Islam

Answer 16

Monotheistic religion that follows the five pillars and allah is the god

Question 17

Conservatism

Answer 17

Political philosophy based on 19th century belief in tradition and stability, highlighted during the congress of Vienna

Question 18

Imperialism

Answer 18

The extension of a nations power over other lands for political or economic gain; spreading ideas and culture to other nations; “civilize the uncivilized”

Question 19

Liberalism

Answer 19

Political philosophy based on 19th century belief that people should have rights protected by the government

Question 20

Nationalism

Answer 20

Unique cultural identity of the people based on common language, religions and national symbols

Question 21

Absolutism

Answer 21

A system of government in which a ruler holds total power by divine right

Question 22

Secularism

Answer 22

More worldly viewpoint; focus on science rather than faith

Question 23

Ethnocentrism

Answer 23

View that ones culture and group are superior to another’s

Question 24

Culture

Answer 24

The set of shared attitudes values and goals of a group

Question 25

Society

Answer 25

A group of people who live within a specific geographic area and share a common culture or feeling of unity

Question 26

Indigenous

Answer 26

Native people

Question 27

Cultural diffusion

Answer 27

The way in which ideas goods and services are exchanged from one culture to another and how they are used.

Question 28

Emigration

Answer 28

Migrating or leaving one place to settle in another

Question 29

Immigration

Answer 29

Coming to live permanently in a foreign country

Question 30

Heliocentric

Answer 30

Sun is at the center of the universe

Question 31

Geocentric

Answer 31

Earth is at the center of the universe

Question 32

Galileo

Answer 32

Beloved in the heliocentric model and challenged the church with this view

Question 33

Isaac Newton

Answer 33

Identification of universal laws. New way of thinking about the world around us. Work influenced the views brought forth in the enlightenment

Question 34

Printing press

Answer 34

Developed by Gutenberg during the renaissance. It allowed for the mass production of literature, mostly the Bible. It made information accessible to many more people and increased literacy and communication

Question 35

Enlightenment

Answer 35

The application of the scientific method to the discovery of human nature to improve government and society

Question 36

General will

Answer 36

Rousseau. What is good for people as a whole

Question 37

Separation of powers

Answer 37

Montesquieu. Form of government in which branches limit and control each other through checks and balances.

Question 38

Natural rights

Answer 38

Locke. God given rights received at birth to all humans, life liberty and property.

Question 39

Social contract

Answer 39

Rousseau. Society’s agreement to be governed by a common purpose.

Question 40

John lock

Answer 40

• natural rights
• everyone is born w/ a clean slate and society shapes what you become
• arguments were used to support various constitutional governments across the world
• if government fails to protect you then overthrow it
• book: Two Treatises of Government

Question 41

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 41

• separation of powers and checks and balances to ensure individual liberties

Question 42

Voltaire

Answer 42

• government must protect freedom of religion

* “I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

Question 43

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 43

• social contract bound people to work for the good of society (general will)
• believed that man is born with natural rights but it is the government and wrongs of society that hold them back

Question 44

Adam smith

Answer 44

• father of modern economics
• believed in laissez fair system where government did not regul8 what happened in the economy and let people work freely (capitalism)
• wealth of nations

Question 45

French Revolution time period

Answer 45

1789-1799

Question 46

How was the French Revolution similar to the American revolution

Answer 46

They were both fighting for a government that represents the people