Midterm

Question 1

CNV originates from these 3 sensory nuclei in the midbrain:

Answer 1

mesencephalic, principle sensory, and spinal nuclei

Question 2

Where do the sensory nuclei merge to form a sensory root?

Answer 2

pons

Question 3

Where does the sensory root forms the trigeminal or Gasserian ganglion ?

Answer 3

middle cranial fossa, adjacent to the cavernous sinus

Question 4

Mesencephalic nucleus is in this part of the brainstem:

Answer 4

midbrain

Question 5

Trigeminal ganglion is in this part of the brainstem:

Answer 5

pons

Question 6

spinal nucleus is in this part of the brainstem:

Answer 6

medulla

Question 7

The ophthalmic division exits via:

Answer 7

superior orbital fissure

Question 8

3 terminal branches of ophthalmic division:

Answer 8

Frontal, Lacrimal, and Nasociliary nerves

Question 9

What carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers does CN V carry?

Answer 9

fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion (via facial nerve) which initially travel with the zygomatic branch of the maxillary division then join the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic division

Question 10

CN V innervates:

Answer 10

skin and mucous membrane derivatives of the frontonasal process: Forehead and scalp, Frontal and ethmoid sinuses, Upper eyelid and conjunctiva, Cornea, Dorsum of nose

Question 11

These nn. supply the back of the head:

Answer 11

cervical

Question 12

Nerves that supply the ear and neck under mandible:

Answer 12

superficial cervical plexus:

Question 13

The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull via:

Answer 13

foramen rotundum

Question 14

The maxillary division gives rise to 14 branches which innervate:

Answer 14

the skin, mucous membranes and sinuses that are derived from the maxillary prominence of the first pharyngeal arch

Question 15

Does the maxillary division carry para?

Answer 15

Yes, to the lacrimal gland and the nasal glands

Question 16

7 branches of maxillary division we need to be aware of:

Answer 16

Anterior, Middle and Posterior superior alveolar nerve, Infraorbital nerve, Nasopalatine nerve, Greater and lesser palatine nerves

Question 17

Mandibular division, sensory or motor?

Answer 17

both

Question 18

Sensory branches of CNV innervate:

Answer 18

the skin, mucous membranes and striated muscle derivatives of the mandibular prominence of the first pharyngeal arch

Question 19

4 terminal branches of mandibular division:

Answer 19

Buccal, inf alv (mental nerve/ incisive nerve extension), auriculotemporal, lingual

Question 20

mandibular division supplies sensory to:

Answer 20

Mucous membranes and floor of the oral cavity, External ear, Lower lip, Chin, Anterior 2/3 of the tongue with special taste sensation from the chorda tympani branch from the facial nerve, All lower teeth, gingiva and bone

Question 21

Muscles of mastication:

Answer 21

Masseter, Temporalis, Internal/medial pterygoid, External/lateral pterygoid

Question 22

8 m. pairs innervated by man branch:

Answer 22

mm. of mastication, ant belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani

Question 23

This muscle often caries accessory sensory innervation to mandible:

Answer 23

mylohyoid

Question 24

Infraorbital block:

Answer 24

Midline thru M2PM including the MB cusp of the Max1M and lip, etc.

Question 25

Anterior superior alveolar block:

Answer 25

Midline thru canine and lip, etc.

Question 26

Middle sup alv block:

Answer 26

premolars, MB of 1st molar and later

Question 27

Pos sup alv block

Answer 27

molars except for the mb root of 1st molar and a little of the buccal gingiva

Question 28

Nasopalatine block:

Answer 28

only hard palate, triangle that includes canines

Question 29

Greater palatine block:

Answer 29

one side of hard palate only from the 1st premolar back

Question 30

Buccal block:

Answer 30

lateral to the molars, no teeth

Question 31

inf alv block:

Answer 31

entire quadrant except for the mucosa a lip surrounding the molars

Question 32

incisive block:

Answer 32

midline through premolars and lateral

Question 33

Nerve supply of ant sup alveolar nerve:

Answer 33

the pulp, investing structures and labial mucoperiosteum of anterior teeth

Question 34

Middle superior anterior alveolar nerve:

Answer 34

the pulp, investing structures and buccal mucoperiosteum of premolars and MB root of 1st molar

Question 35

Posterior superior alveolar nerve:

Answer 35

the pulp, investing structures and buccal mucoperiosteum of upper molars except MB root of 1st molar

Question 36

Greater (anterior) palatine nerve;

Answer 36

palatal mucoperiosteum of maxillary anterior teeth

Question 37

Closest surrounding structures to where man block is given:

Answer 37

medial pterygoid m., sphenomandibular ligament, medial surface of ramus, lingua nerve

Question 38

4 ways LA can interfere w excitation:

Answer 38

Alter the resting membrane potential, alter the threshold potential, decrease the rate of depolarization, prolong the rate of repolarization

Question 39

Action potential generation depends on these ions:

Answer 39

Na, K, Cl, Ca

Question 40

Primary moa of LA's:

Answer 40

via specific receptor binding, and inactivation of, the Na channel, sites w/in or around the sodium channel

Question 41

2 theories as the moa of LA:

Answer 41

membrane swelling and channel blockade theories

Question 42

In which state do LA's bind the Na channels?

Answer 42

resting, open, or inactivated

Question 43

Where does LA act?

Answer 43

w/in the channel itself

Question 44

snake venom acts here;

Answer 44

outer surface of channel

Question 45

scorpion venom acts here;

Answer 45

at the fast or slow sodium gates

Question 46

LA's are classified by:

Answer 46

site of action

Question 47

Class A La:

Answer 47

receptor of external surface of membrane

Question 48

Class B La:

Answer 48

receptor on internal surface of membrane (venoms, not clinically usable)

Question 49

Class C La:

Answer 49

receptor independent

Question 50

class D:

Answer 50

combination of receptor dependent and independent mechanisms

Question 51

Class C La's exist in this/these form(s)

Answer 51

only uncharged dissociated form

Question 52

Ex of Class C LA:

Answer 52

benzocaine

Question 53

Class D La's exist in this/these form(s):

Answer 53

both the charged, undissociated and the uncharged dissociated forms

Question 54

Which form is responsible for most activity of the LA?

Answer 54

uncharged: 90%, charged: 10%, RNH+ vs. RN

Question 55

On what nerve channels can LA act?

Answer 55

only with sodium channels that are not insulated by myelin, only found in abundance at nodes of Ranvier

Question 56

Nerve channels per square micrometer of small, unmyelinated nerves:

Answer 56

35

Question 57

Sodium channels per square micromter at nodes of Ranvier:

Answer 57

20,000

Question 58

of adjacent nodes LA must block in order to work:

Answer 58

at least 3, up to 8-10mm

Question 59

Primary action of LA in terms of ion control

Answer 59

decrease permeability of sodium channel, slight decrease in K conductance (insignifiicant)

Question 60

Role of Ca in AP production:

Answer 60

Ca bound in the membrane is thought to have regularoty effect on the movement of Na ions across membrane

Question 61

Stopped at SLIDE 14 of 34

Answer 61

MOA