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Theatre 210 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Tendency to divide into categories or types. Ex. tragedy, comedy, farce, melodrama ect.

A

Genres

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2
Q

Works from several significant periods of the past.

A

Traditional Tragedy

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3
Q

Characteristics of Traditional Tragedy (8 things)

A
  • 15th CE Greece
  • Tragic hero = noble
  • circumstances- love, death of family member
  • flaw - pride, wrath, jealousy, greed
  • Reversal of Fortune - point of no return
  • Acceptance of Responsibility
  • Verse
  • Usually hero dies
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4
Q

Characteristics of a Modern Tragedy (4 things)

A
  • Prose
  • Everyday stuff
  • Everyday man/woman represents a group of people
  • Ending is often hopeful (still sad)
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5
Q

Characteristics of a Tragedy (4 things)

A
  • Fatal Flaw
  • No happy ending
  • Not expected
  • A serious play
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6
Q

2 contradictory effects of tragedy

A

Pessimism and affirmation (good works of art)

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7
Q

Serious drama of any period which incorporates heroic or noble figures and other features of traditional tragedy. Verse and extreme situations yet has a happy ending.

A

Heroic Genre

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8
Q

Drama dealing with people of middle or lower class

A

Bourgeois/Domestic Drama

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9
Q

Characteristics of a Melodrama

A
  • Exaggerated plot and characters
  • Appeals to emotions
  • Stock characters
  • Underscoring of music
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10
Q

A play that is light in tone concerned with issues that point out excesses and folly of human behavior, has a happy ending and designed to amuse

A

Comedy

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11
Q

Idea or notion or concept in comedy that turns the accepted notion of things upside-down. Serves as springboard for comic dialogue characters and situations.

A

Comic Premise (Aristophasis = master of comic premise)

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12
Q

Humorous use of words with same sound and different meanings

A

Pun

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13
Q

Sounds like right word but not

A

Malaprop

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14
Q

Sophisticated verbal humor “I can resist anything but temptation”

A

Epigram

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15
Q

Characters in Comedy

A
  • pretend to be someone not
  • someone who can’t succeed
  • stock characters, stereotypes and characters with dominant traits are emphasized
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16
Q

Tools of Comedy

A
  • VERBAL
  • CHARACTERS
  • PHYSICAL HUMOR
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17
Q

Characteristics of a Farce

A
  • absolutely ridiculous
  • no logic/skewed logic
  • many plot complications
  • simple becomes long
  • stereotyped characters(some misunderstood)
  • mock violence
  • slapstick
    ex. funny horror movies
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18
Q

Characteristics of Burlesque

A
  • cabaret type performance
  • sing and dance
  • low comedy lots of anatomy jokes
  • low humor(pee and poo jokes)
  • lots of sex and nakedness
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19
Q

Uses irony and exaggeration to attack and expose folly and vice. More intellectual and moral makes fun of people or general things.

A

Satire

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20
Q

Comic equivalent of home drama. Funny things happen to a large family.

A

Domestic Comedy

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21
Q

Renaissance play having tragic themes and noble characters but happy ending

A

Tragicomedy

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22
Q

New plays with sense of absurdity and futility of human experience through dramatic techniques they employ. Alienation and loss of bearings in a ridiculous world and humorous.

A

Theatre of the Absurd

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23
Q

Characteristics of Theatre of the Absurd

A
  • illogical random plot
  • nonsense & Add to dictionary speech
  • absurd characters with no personal history or cause for action
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24
Q

Greek philosopher. Father of Dramatic critism. Many of his works were lost

A

Aristotle

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25
Q

What was to book called that Aristotle wrote?

A

Poetics

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26
Q

What are the 8 Elements of Drama

A
  1. plot - sequence of events
  2. character - audience must care, relate and struggle w
  3. theme - message of play
  4. diction - needs to be well written
  5. music - builds suspense and emotion
  6. movement - blocking and stage directions visual storytelling
    7 spectacle - lights costumes, sets
    8 convention - agreement b/w audience and production when to clap and get up ect.
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27
Q

Back story of play comes through quick dialogue

A

Exposition

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28
Q

Gets the ball rolling

A

Inciting Incident

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29
Q

Leads to climax

A

Rising action

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30
Q

Most intense part or turn of events

A

Climax

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31
Q

Resolutions is also called

A

Dénouement

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32
Q

Primary demands of plot are?

A

Logic and Suspense

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33
Q

Wealthy person who financed playwriting work at ancient Greek dramatic festivals

A

Choregus

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34
Q

A story or legend handed down from generation to generation

A

Myth

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35
Q

Who was the 1st actor

A

Thespis

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36
Q

Group of performers who sing and dance commentary Greek theatre

A

Chorus

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37
Q

Most important Greek festival where first drama occurred.

A

City Dionysia

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38
Q

Satire versions of Greek history.

A

Satyr Plays

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39
Q

Who was Aeschylus?

A

1st important Greek dramatist. 12 man chorus and 2 actors with different masks. All men from noble families, Created the trilogy.

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40
Q

Who was Sophocles?

A

Chorus = 15, 3 actors for more characters, masks, good climax, wrote Oedipus Rex

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41
Q

Who was Euripides?

A

“modern” dramatist. Portrayed more realism and mixed tragedy with comedy. Skeptical of gods.

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42
Q

Pattern of Greek Tragedy Plot

A

opening scene (prologue) -> chorus enters (parados) -> episode b/w characters (First Episode) -> 1st chorus song (First Stasimon) repeats till end (Exodus)

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43
Q

Who does chorus represent in Greek theatre?

A

Ordinary citizens the audience can identify with. Often give background to the plot. Balance extreme behavior of principle characters with philosophical observations and conclusions.

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44
Q

Greek theatre that pokes fun of social political and cultural conditions and people

A

Old Comedy

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45
Q

Hellenistic Greek and Roman comedies dealing with romantic and domestic situations

A

New Comedy

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46
Q

2 scenes in Old Comedy

A

Agon - Classic Greek old comedy with debate between 2 opposing forces in day
Parabasis - addresses directly to audience makes fun of spectators and audience members

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47
Q

Oval circular or semicircular outdoor theatre with rising tiers of seats

A

Amphitheatre

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48
Q

Circular playing space in Greek theatre

A

Orchestra

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49
Q

Scene which chorus enters

A

Parados

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50
Q

Where audience sits

A

Theatron

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51
Q

Festival in Roman dedicated to Jupiter for theatre

A

Ludi Romani

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52
Q

Entertainment in Rome

A

Circus Maximus, Colossem, Roman mime, Pantomime

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53
Q

What is the form of theatre of Platus (roman)

A

Similar to Greek new Comedy, domestic situations, stock characters, dialogue ment to be sung, Farces with mistakable identities

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54
Q

Terrance form (rome)

A

more literary less exaggerated comedy, stock characters less farce, more verbal wit, spoken not sun.

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55
Q

Most tragic dramatist of Rome

A

Seneca

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56
Q

Roman tragedy

A
  • chorus not integral
  • emphasis onstage violence
  • Supernatural beings
  • influence on Shakespeare (ghost in hamlet)
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57
Q

Horace’s theory on correct dramatic technique

A
  • comedy and tragedy are distinct
  • tragedy = royalty
  • comedy = common
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58
Q

Leader of an acting troupe in Roman theatre, lead actor, financial arrangements, bought playwright, hired musicians, costumes ect.

A

Dominus

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59
Q

Roman Structures

A

semicircle area, orchestra, stage house = Seaena, semicircle orchestra for gov seating or sea battle. stage covered with roof and ornate stage houses

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60
Q

Why Roman theatre diminished?

A

War. Fall of Rome by barbarians and Christianity discouraged theatre.

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61
Q

Early church drama in medieval times written in Latin about biblical stories

A

Liturgical drama

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62
Q

Preformed in everyday speech of people and in town square or other cities in medieval times. subject usually biblical stories

A

Vernacular drama

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63
Q

“cycle plays” short dramas based on events in Old and New Testament often organized into historical cycles. Medieval

A

Mystery plays

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64
Q

Teaches a lesson characters = allegorical and represent virtues or faults Medieval

A

Morality Plays

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65
Q

Non religious plays. Usually comic and serious integrated.

A

Episodic and Secular Plays

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66
Q

Individual scenic units used for staging religious dramas Medieval

A

Mansions

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67
Q

Low platform mounted on wheels or casters scenery is moved on and off stage Medieval

A

Wagon Stage

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68
Q

Who were groups that preformed plays usually in Medieval times?

A

Craft Guilds

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69
Q

One who supervised the mounting of mystery plays

A

Pageant Master

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70
Q

Elevated stage with no proscenium. Medieval

A

Platform stage

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71
Q

Arts that exist in space and are created to last over time ex. aRchetecture

A

Spatial Arts

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72
Q

Arts that exist only a specific period of time ex. music

A

Temporal arts

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73
Q

Characteristics of performing arts

A

movement through time and require interpretors and creators, require an AUDIENCE and PREFORMERS

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74
Q

Elements of Theatre (6)

A
  1. Audience
  2. Performers
  3. Script or Test
  4. Director
  5. Theatre Space
  6. Design Elements (visual and nonvisual)
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75
Q

Blue print for production material staged by theatre artist

A

Script

76
Q

Anything on stage/staged needs focus and POV

A

Text

77
Q

How is theatre a collaborative art?

A

Need many elements to work, director stages, playwright writes ect. Business aspect producers and managers.

78
Q

Audience desire to believe in relating of what is happening onstage

A

Willing suspension of disbelief

79
Q

Separation of audience member from performance or work of art to experiences its aesthetic qualities

A

Aesthetic distance

80
Q

Different groups of people effect acting style true or false?

A

True

81
Q

Someone who sees production and then analyzes and comments on it. Shark with audience POV of spectator, articles in news magazines and books. Usually serious. Knowledgeable opinion.

A

Critic

82
Q

Critic who reports on production gives a brief opinion about worth seeing. Works for magazine, news, or professional blog, restricted by time space or both

A

Reviewer

83
Q

3 questions critic or reviewer must answer

A

What is Being Attempted?
Have the intentions been achieved?
Was the attempt worth while?

84
Q

Individual works on literary and historical issues with members of artistic team mounting a theatre production

A

Dramaturge

85
Q

Jobs of Dramaturg

A

reading poising new plays, working with playwrights developing new scripts, find significant plays from the past, research previous productions. report history of plays, research criticism and interpretations, write articles, usually prepare educational material

86
Q

A more formal review. Not in first person. No personal pronouns. Usually a longer review

A

Newspaper review

87
Q

Similar in length to newspaper, some use personal pronoun. include pictures of production

A

Theatre blog review

88
Q

Arch or frame surrounding the stage opening in a box or picture stage

A

Proscenium

89
Q

Stage entirely surrounded by the audience also known as circle theatre or theatre in the round

A

Arena

90
Q

Stage space that buts into the audience space. surrounded on 3 sides by audience seating

A

Thrust

91
Q

A theatre space that is open, flexible and adaptable usually without fixed seating. Very economical and good for experimental works

A

Black Box

92
Q

Space not originally built as a theatre

A

Found Space

93
Q

Eliminates the distinction between audience space and actor space

A

Environmental Theatre

94
Q

Advantages of Proscenium theatre

A

machinery and scene changes hidden behind proscenium opening, perfect for spectacle, easy to make realistic room, strong central focus, Italian Renaissance roots, prefect for Broadway

95
Q

Disadvantages of Proscenium theatre

A

Temptation to get carried away with visual pyrotechnics, tends to be remote and formal (not intimate)

96
Q

Advantages of Arena Stage

A

more intimate, no frame separating performers from audience, unconscious communication, cheaper

97
Q

Disadvantages of Arena Stage

A

elaborate scenery = impossible, hard for actor, lack of adaptability, cant have large company, challenging to block

98
Q

Advantages of Thrust Stage

A

intimacy of arena and focused stage like proscenium. can have set changes, developed by Greeks, most widely used/Elizabethan era and Shakespeare, economic, 3d experience

99
Q

Theatre building of Spanish golden age, usually located in the courtyard of a adjoined building

A

Corral

100
Q

Disadvantages of Trust Stage

A

Simple sets or else audience can’t see, harder to work as actor to get audience connect with you.

101
Q

Theatre in which an original play deals with problems and aspirations of a specific population

A

Neighborhood theatre

102
Q

Aggressive politically oriented theatre produced by an activist group in streets in an attempt to persuade people to get involved

A

Guerilla theatre

103
Q

Environment in which more that 1 playing area, multiple things happening at once like everyday life

A

Multifocus theatre

104
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Black Box theatre

A

easy to configure, cheap and flexible, but sound can be issue

105
Q

Area where stage lowers

A

traps

106
Q

poles and bars attached to pulley systems

A

fly system

107
Q

tied to fly system, background tarp

A

drops

108
Q

the huge cloth that is usually white so colors can bounce off of it with light

A

cyclorama

109
Q

wooden frame with canvas stretched across it to make walls

A

flats

110
Q

6 aspects playwrights must address

A
  1. selecting subject of play
  2. determining focus
  3. establishing purpose
  4. developing dramatic structure
  5. creating dramatic characters
  6. establishing point of view (tragedy, comedy ect.)
111
Q

5 essentials of Drama Structure

A
  1. story must be turned into a plot
  2. plot involves action
  3. plot has conflict
  4. characters who hate each other
  5. balance between opposing forces
112
Q

full account of event or series of events in chronological order

A

story

113
Q

A sequence of events linked by cause and effect with beginning middle and end. Best way to unify a play. Conflict and movement are necessary

A

Action

114
Q

Point with in play where action reaches an important confrontation or truth. Many of these happen leading up to climax

A

Crises

115
Q

Delays or prevents achieving a goal by a character creates complication or conflict

A

Obstacle

116
Q

Introduction of new force that creates imbalance of power and entails a delay in reaching climax

A

Complication

117
Q

Describe climatic structure

A
  • few scenes -short amount of time passes

- few locations -chronological - has an exposition - 4-5 acts -no loose ends

118
Q

A resolution device in Greek drama. At last moment supernatural forces save the day.

A

Deus ex. Machina

119
Q

Describe episodic structure

A
  • many scenes - over a long period of time
  • many locations - has subplots
  • short scenes alternate with long scenes
120
Q

Secondary plot that reinforces parallel to major plot in an episodic play

A

subplot

121
Q

Structure that does not build to a climax but stresses contiguity” rather than complete. Open ended serial structure.

A

Cyclical structure

122
Q

Acts or episodes individual to theatre events. Central theme holds parts to no connection. Ex. musical with short scenes and dance numbers

A

Serial Structure

123
Q

Describe Avant-Garde & Experimental Structures

A
  1. Interest in ritual and ceremony
  2. Emphasis on non verbal theater
  3. Reliance on improvision
  4. Stress of physical environment
  5. Stress different interpretations
124
Q

Conversation between characters in a play. Everything must be enacted through characters. Know people in plays better than we know people in real life.

A

Dialogue

125
Q

Nobility that represent some sort of extreme human behavior, larger than life

A

Extraordinary Characters

126
Q

Characters that are ordinary and represent sector of population/whole group

A

Representative/Quintessential characters

127
Q

Characters who have 1 outstanding trait of human behavior to exclusion of all other traits. Seems like stereotypes

A

Stock characters

128
Q

Comic theatre about loose scenario calling for a set of stock characters

A

Comedia dell’arte

129
Q

Found in certain theatrical characters. One paramount trait or tendency that overshadows all others and appears to control the conduct of the character

A

Dominant Trait

130
Q

Leading character in place one who drama is about

A

Protagonist

131
Q

Character who opposes the protagonist

A

Antagonist

132
Q

Stands in contrast to another character but has some similar qualities

A

Foil

133
Q

Person responsible for overall unity of a production and for coordinating the work or contributing artists

A

Director

134
Q

Way a play is presented

A

Style

135
Q

Attepts to put on stage e xact copies of everyday life. often called “slice of life”, form of super realism, written circumstances products of heredit and environment, like documentary film, set like real life.

A

Naturalism

136
Q

What if the foundation for a traditional director?

A

The script, marries their pov to the script

137
Q

Also known as main action is determined by the goal or primary object of all the characters in a play both collectively and individually.

A

Spine

138
Q

Plays in which character and their actions resemble real life but a certain license is allowed for other elements in the play. Scenery may be skeletal, words and actions of characters = realistic

A

Heightened realism

139
Q

Middle ground between naturalism and heighted/selective realism

A

Realism

140
Q

Symbolic representation of abstract themes through character actions and concrete elements of the play. Lots of symbolism and teaching

A

Allegeny

141
Q

The attempt in drama to depict a character or group of characters through shush nonrealistic techniques direction, images, and poetic language

A

Expressionism

142
Q

Controlling idea, vision or point of view that the director eels is appropriate for the play. It should create a unified theatrical experience for the audience

A

Directors concept

143
Q

2 essential things for production

A
  1. style is appropriate for the play

2. consistent through every aspect of the production

144
Q

Describe Post Modern Director

A

Takes apart text DECONSTURTION, alters, deletes, reassembles

  1. Abandonment of narrative or linear structure piece
  2. unfair, cross-gender, multicultural casting
145
Q

Fitting preformers into their roles. They resemble the characters they are playing

A

Typecasting

146
Q

Purposefully put a person in wrong role or part to be comical/funny

A

Casting against type

147
Q

Memorizing lines gradually

A

“off book”

148
Q

Things director does during rehearsals

A
  • understands how actors communicate
  • knows when to criticize or challenge
  • understands personal problems and tries to help
  • watches blocking
  • special relationships
  • acts as eyes of audience
  • block, pacing, acting
149
Q

Focuses on running through production with scenery props lighting costumes and sound for 1st time

A

Technical rehearsal

150
Q

1st full performance of production before preforms in public

A

Dress rehearsal

151
Q

Tryout performances of a production before an audience before official “opening” performance

A

Previews

152
Q

Responsible for the business side of the production, raises $$ necesary

A

Producer

153
Q

In nonprofit theatres organizes, gets resources, and expenditures

A

Managing director

154
Q

3 directors in noncommercial theatre

A
  1. board - financial affairs fundraising
  2. artistic - sets, designers, directors hires creative personnel
  3. Managing - building, budget, artistic decisions, advertising, tickets
155
Q

What does an Auteur do?

A
  • takes script and completely changes it
  • or writes directs and presents the show
  • take script and rewrite or make unrecognizable
  • either with free domain or write own usually because hard to get permission to change parts of production
    ex. virtigo
156
Q

Directors job 3 parts

A
  1. preproduction: get scripts read and come up with spine
  2. Style - realism, naturalism ect.
  3. The concept- central metaphor or image brought throughout the play
157
Q

3 things the Directors Concept involves?

A
  1. mood of the play
  2. message you want to convey
  3. image/visual metaphor
158
Q

Time of rebirth, awakening of arts and learning in western world.

A

Renaissance began in Italy

159
Q

Short pieces about mythological tales between full plays

A

Intermezzi

160
Q

Like Greek satyr plays. subject = romance. characters usually shepherds and mythological characters. loves that are threatened ends happy

A

Pastoral

161
Q

Italians way of recreating Greek tragic style with music. Everything is sung

A

Opera

162
Q

Short plot outlines with out dialogue. usually 10 performers mostly families preform. and full of stock characters. Italian

A

Scenarios

163
Q

Rules developed by critics based on aristotle

A

Neoclassical ideas

164
Q

Thought drama ment true to life but sill have stock dramatic characters

A

verisimilitude

165
Q

Unities of Italian Dramatic theatre

A
  • occurs in 1 day(unity of time), 1 time (unity of place) and no irrelevant action (unity of action) aka no subplots
  • should never mix comedy and tragedy
  • must teach lesson and be morally acceptable
  • violence = forbidden
  • banished chorus and supernatural characters
  • dislike soliloquy
166
Q

What stage do the Italians use?

A

Proscenium arch stage with pits boxes and galleries. Like to use perspective to create depth

167
Q

Tracks on stage floor and above stage that allow for smooth movement of flat winds on and off stage. invented in Italy

A

Groove System

168
Q

Mechanized means to change scenery. flats attached to poles and wheels and shifted with ropes and pulleys invented in Italy

A

Pole and Chariot System

169
Q

A bit about Shakespeare life

A

England during Elizabethian era

  • wrote in verse
  • well educated
  • April 23rd 1564-1616
  • lived statford-upon0avon
  • parents wealthy
  • dad in gov but goes away from church
  • marries Anne Hathaway 3 kids
  • dies wealthy
170
Q

Shakespeare’s plays

A

histories, tragedies, and comedies,

  • platform stage
  • episodic plot
  • Lord Chamberlain’s men = his theatre group
  • master of plot construction/episodic
  • Globe and The Black Friar’s Playhouse
171
Q

Created new interesting characters and first to use dramatic poetry - iambic pentameter verse in plays. career short when stabbed in brawl

A

Christopher Marlone

172
Q

Outdoor theatres outside city limits to avoid government restrictions. All classes can come. Most notable = Globe theatre

A

public theatres

173
Q

Stage house in Elizabethan theatre. Scenic background. Also used for changing and storing set pieces. 3 stories.

A

Tiring House

174
Q

People who stand during performance are called?

A

groundlings

175
Q

Gound floor or standing area where lower class stands

A

Yard

176
Q

Where the wealthy would sit in English theatre

A

Lord’s Rooms

177
Q

Indoor theatres lit by candle light. Open to general public, smaller and more expensive, pit has backless benches

A

private theatres

178
Q

Business organization of Elizabethan acting companies. Elite members of the company shareholders receive percent of troupe’s profits. Gove restricts number

A

Sharing plan

179
Q

Actors lines only with cues

A

sides

180
Q

outlines of dramatic action kept backstage

A

plots

181
Q

Ornate professionally staged mythological allegories intended to praise the monarch King James 1st. Sing and dance in courts

A

Masque

182
Q

Describe Spanish Comedia

A

3 act, nonreligious, themes love and honor, nobility, extensive or episodic, mix serious and comedy (modern melodrama)

183
Q

Can women act in Spanish theatre?

A

Yes but only if married or had family in troupe

184
Q

Sharing companies organized by managers who contracted performers for a specific period of time in Spain

A

companies de paries

185
Q

Located in courtyard of a series of adjoining buildings open air with galleries and boxes with roof, patio is standing area, and cazuela is gallery at the back of theater

A

The Corrales

186
Q

Refreshment box with food and drinks by main entrance of theatre

A

Alojero

Theatre 210 (2 decks)

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